本文關(guān)鍵詞： 電子路票方案 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì) 出行鏈選擇行為 雙層規(guī)劃模型 公共定價(jià) 電子路票價(jià)格　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：城市交通系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的巨系統(tǒng),出行者是系統(tǒng)中的主體,其行為直接影響著系統(tǒng)的正常運(yùn)行。交通需求管理措施的實(shí)施會(huì)直接或間接地影響到出行者的出行行為,而出行者的出行行為反過(guò)來(lái)又會(huì)影響到交通管理者的決策。因此,交通需求管理與出行者出行行為的研究,對(duì)城市的交通規(guī)劃和管理有著重要的意義。本文以電子路票方案為管理手段,從數(shù)量控制和公共定價(jià)兩個(gè)角度探討了出行者的選擇行為(包括模式選擇行為,路徑選擇行為及出行鏈選擇行為)與交通需求管理之間的相互作用過(guò)程。通過(guò)對(duì)電子路票方案的控制,引導(dǎo)用戶的出行行為,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)管理者所期望的網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量狀態(tài)。本論文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:(1)將基于數(shù)量控制的電子路票管理策略應(yīng)用至在雙模式交通系統(tǒng)分析中。以電子路票方案和公交投資為管理手段,建立了實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)最優(yōu)并保證電子路票方案"效率"的優(yōu)化模型。給出了電子路票方案下小汽車和公交車乘客的費(fèi)用,討論了小汽車和公交車的模式平衡。探索了電子路票方案下公交系統(tǒng)的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)特性。最后通過(guò)算例分析了不同電屯子路票方案下政府分別對(duì)公交擔(dān)率無(wú)要求和有要求時(shí)小汽車的分擔(dān)率,公交投資和電子路票價(jià)格的變化規(guī)律及公交的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)特性。(2)將基于數(shù)量控制的電子路票管理策略從雙模式網(wǎng)絡(luò)擴(kuò)展到多模式網(wǎng)絡(luò)。從社會(huì)福利和消費(fèi)者剩余的角度對(duì)收費(fèi)和電子路票方案進(jìn)行了分析。給出了三種交通模式(小汽車,公交車和自行)分別在收費(fèi),電子路票方案及無(wú)任何交通措施下的效用函數(shù)。提出了三種方案下實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)福利最大化的優(yōu)化模型。通過(guò)求解模型,得到了最優(yōu)的公交票價(jià),電子路票方案和擁堵費(fèi)用。相比其它措施,擁堵收費(fèi)能夠獲得更高的社會(huì)福利,而電子路票方案會(huì)讓出行者獲得更多的消費(fèi)者剩余。(3)將基于數(shù)量控制的電子路票管理策略應(yīng)用到出行鏈網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理中。給出了出行鏈網(wǎng)絡(luò)平衡的條件。建立了一個(gè)與出行鏈網(wǎng)絡(luò)平衡等價(jià)的綜合模型。分析了模型的凸性,等價(jià)性和唯一性條件�；谶@個(gè)綜合模型,提出了一個(gè)上層用電子路票方案來(lái)最大化社會(huì)福利,下層滿足出行鏈網(wǎng)絡(luò)平衡的雙層規(guī)劃模型。為了便于計(jì)算,將基于活動(dòng)的出行鏈網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓展成可加的擴(kuò)展網(wǎng)絡(luò)。采用模擬退火算法對(duì)模型進(jìn)行了求解。最后通過(guò)算例驗(yàn)證了模型的有效性。(4)探討了基于電子路票價(jià)格的交通需求管理策略。首先分析了基于數(shù)量控制的電子路票管理策略在實(shí)踐中可能遇到的問(wèn)題。提出了基于公共定價(jià)的電子路票管理策略。探索了基于邊際費(fèi)用定價(jià)的公共定價(jià)機(jī)制。從社會(huì)福利的角度論證了邊際定價(jià)的合理性。基于價(jià)格的電子路票方案,分析了出行者的路徑選擇和市場(chǎng)交易行為,并通過(guò)類比收費(fèi)方案,得到了系統(tǒng)最優(yōu)時(shí)的電子路票方案。(5)將基于公共定價(jià)的電子路票管理策略應(yīng)用至單中心線性城市的停車換乘設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題中。建立了一個(gè)能確定停車換乘服務(wù)設(shè)施位置和數(shù)量的離散優(yōu)化模型。分析了選擇不同模式的出行者的電子路票交易行為。以蘭州市交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為研究背景,分析了電子路票方案,車內(nèi)擁擠效應(yīng)及停車換乘投資對(duì)社會(huì)費(fèi)用,出行行為及停車換乘服務(wù)設(shè)施位置的影響。
[Abstract]:City traffic system is a complex giant system, the traveler is the main body in the system, its behavior affects the normal operation of the system directly. The implementation of traffic demand management measures will directly or indirectly affect the traveler "behavior, and the traveler" behavior will in turn affect the traffic management decision. Therefore, research on travel behavior and traffic demand management, plays an important role in traffic planning and management of the city. The electronic ticket scheme for road management, discusses the route choice behaviors of the travelers from two angles of quantity control and public pricing (including the mode choice, route choice and travel behavior chain selection behavior) interaction and traffic demand management. Through the control of the electronic road ticket scheme, travel guide the behavior of users, so as to realize the network traffic management desired State. The main contents of this dissertation are as follows: (1) to control the number of electronic road ticket management strategy applied to the analysis of the dual mode traffic system. Based on Electronic Road Ticket scheme and bus investment management means is established to achieve optimum system and ensure that the electronic road ticket scheme "efficiency" of the optimization model is presented. The cost of the car and bus passengers Electronic Road Ticket scheme, discusses the mode of balance of buses and cars. To explore the scale economy characteristics of the bus system of Electronic Road Ticket schemes. Finally, through the example analysis of the government of different electric Village Road Ticket scheme respectively the share rate on bus share rate requirements and required no car the scale economy characteristic changes and a bus ticket price of the investment and electronic road. (2) the number of electronic ticket management strategy based on the control of road from the dual mode network is extended to multi mode from network. Social welfare and consumer surplus are analyzed on electronic charges and road ticket was given. Three traffic modes (car, bus and bike) were in charge, the utility function of Electronic Road Ticket scheme and without any traffic measures. The optimization model to realize the maximization of social welfare, puts forward three kinds of solutions by solving the model, the optimal bus fare, electronic road ticket scheme and congestion cost. Compared with other measures, congestion pricing can get higher social welfare, while the electronic road ticket scheme will let travelers get more consumer surplus. (3) the electronic road ticket management strategy based on the number of applications to control trip chain network management. Given the trip chain network equilibrium conditions. Established a comprehensive model and trip chain network equilibrium equivalent. Analysis of the convex model, the equivalence and uniqueness based on conditions. This integrated model, proposed an upper electronic road ticket scheme to maximize the social welfare, the lower meet the bi level programming model of trip chain network equilibrium. In order to facilitate the calculation, will expand the trip chain network activity can be added into extended network. Based on the simulated annealing algorithm to solve the model. Finally, through an example to verify the validity of the model. (4) discusses the transportation demand management strategy based on electronic road ticket price is analyzed. The ticket management strategy of electronic road may control the number of problems encountered in practice. Based on the proposed management strategy of electronic ticket pricing based on the public road. To explore the public pricing mechanism of marginal cost pricing from the perspective of social welfare. Based on the rationality of marginal pricing scheme. The electronic road ticket price based, analysis of the traveler's route choice and market behavior, and by analogy Charging scheme, electronic ticket system is the optimal path is obtained. (5) based on the design of public parking transfer pricing electronic road ticket management strategy is applied to the single center city. The linear established a deterministic discrete optimization model of the park and ride service facilities location and quantity. To analyze the choice of travelers the electronic ticket transaction mode. The different road in Lanzhou city traffic network as the research background, analysis of the electronic road ticket scheme, car crowding and parking transfer investment on social cost, influence travel behavior and parking transfer service facilities location.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U491

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