本文關鍵詞：VANET動態(tài)多路徑路由協(xié)議　出處：《吉林大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： VANET 路由協(xié)議 動態(tài)多路徑路由（DMPR） 電子地圖 位置信息 NS2

【摘要】：隨著現代城市車輛數目的持續(xù)增加，車載電子產品的使用場景變的越來越廣泛，這些應用包括道路交通信息查詢、交通事故告警、高速公路繳費、擁塞警報和車輛間語音視頻通話等，車載成員還能夠使用車載自組織網路（Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks,VANET）達到數據共享與傳輸（如傳輸文件、上傳視頻）、連入Internet以及互動游戲等目的。在種種美好、值得期待的VANET互聯應用中，路由協(xié)議充當了至關重要的角色。 然而，找到一個合適的城市環(huán)境多跳路由機制仍是一個挑戰(zhàn)，這主要有三個因素：首先，車載自組織網絡VANET具有節(jié)點密度分布不均勻、車輛高速移動和快速的網絡拓撲結構變化等特征。其次，路由需要適應大規(guī)模網絡系統(tǒng)的可伸縮性，然而無線通信距離受限，并且很容易受到不同拓撲結構（如建筑物）的影響。最后，VANET中緊急報文需要較高的數據包投遞率和低網絡延遲，這點在VANET環(huán)境下傳統(tǒng)路由模式無法得到滿足。 與傳統(tǒng)的路由協(xié)議相比，基于地理位置的路由協(xié)議已經被證明更適用于高移動性的VANET網絡。這些地理路由多采用貪婪或者既定路線的方式向前傳送數據包。但是由于VANET中車輛拓撲結構的頻繁變化和道路中車輛密度的不確定性以及傳播途徑中障礙物的阻擋，導致地理路由經常遇到局部最大和道路車輛稀疏的問題。并且當一段道路中有較多的數據包傳輸時，由于無線信道的特點，該道路的數據傳輸延遲增加，丟包率上升。針對以上問題，本文在電子地圖和車輛位置獲取的基礎上提出一種動態(tài)多路徑路由協(xié)議(Dynamic Multi-path Routing，DMPR)。需要說明的是，DMPR主要應用在城市環(huán)境的VANET中。 由于城市中的車輛移速存在上限，DMPR認為在一個較小的時間段內，可以假設各路徑的傳輸特性不變。DMPR在數據傳輸開始時選擇多條路徑傳輸數據，在傳輸的過程中監(jiān)控各條路徑的實時傳輸特性并根據各個路徑不同的實時傳輸特性動態(tài)的調整沿各條路徑傳輸的數據量。通過這樣的方式，，DMPR利用協(xié)議本身的機制動態(tài)調整數據沿不同路徑的傳輸比例，使得沿性能相對較好的路途傳輸較多的信息，減少該數據包在同一路徑上與其他較多數據包的信道競爭，從而從整體上提高VANET的數據傳輸性能。DMPR更適用于源節(jié)點和目的節(jié)點傳輸連接時間較長的通信，因為較長的數據傳輸時間有利于DMPR的動態(tài)調整。 本文使用NS2（Network Simulator version2）這一網絡仿真軟件對DMPR進行驗證。首先在NS2中編寫C++代碼實現DMPR路由協(xié)議的邏輯機制，再將編寫的代碼成功安裝到NS2中并重新編譯，然后使用MOVE模擬真實城市車流信息，最后利用MOVE產生的車流信息使用OTCL實現實驗場景。為了說明DMPR在城市環(huán)境中具有較好的傳輸性能，將DMPR與經典的Ad-hoc路由協(xié)議AODV、GPSR和GSR在同樣的情景下做性能對比，通過實驗說明DMPR較其它協(xié)議在端到端延遲和數據包投遞率上有更好的表現。
[Abstract]:With the number of modern city vehicles continues to increase, the vehicle electronic product usage scenarios become more and more widely, these applications include road traffic information, traffic accident alarm, highway toll, congestion alarm and inter vehicle video calling, vehicle members can also use the vehicular ad hoc network (Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks, VANET) to achieve data share and transfer (such as file transfer, video upload), connected to the Internet and interactive games. In a variety of good, VANET worth looking forward to the Internet applications, routing protocol plays a vital role.
However, to find a suitable city environment of multi hop routing mechanism is still a challenge, there are three main factors: first, VANET VANET nodes with uneven density distribution, vehicle high speed mobile and rapid change of network topology characteristics. Secondly, the need to adapt to the scalability of a large-scale network system however, the wireless communication distance is limited, and are susceptible to different topological structures (such as buildings) influence. Finally, VANET emergency message requires a higher packet delivery ratio and low network delay, which can not be met in the traditional routing model in VANET environment.
Compared with the traditional routing protocol, routing protocol based on geographical location has proved to be more suitable for high mobility VANET network. The use of greedy geographic routing or established route way forward packets. But due to frequent changes and obstacles blocking the density of vehicles in road VANET vehicle topology and the uncertainty in the transmission way in the result, geographic routing often encounter local maximum and road vehicles sparse problems. And when the transmission more road in the packet, due to the characteristics of wireless channel, the data transmission path delay increases, the packet loss rate increases. To solve the above problems, based on the electronic map and vehicle position acquisition proposed a dynamic multi path routing protocol (Dynamic Multi-path Routing, DMPR). That is, DMPR is mainly used in the city environment in VANET.
As a result of the city's vehicle speed ceiling exists, DMPR believes that in time a smaller, can assume the transmission characteristics of each path in the same.DMPR in the beginning of data transmission, select multiple paths to transmit data, data real-time monitoring of transmission characteristics of each path in the process of transmission and the transmission characteristics of each path according to the real-time dynamic different adjustment along the transmission path. By this way, the DMPR mechanism is used to dynamically adjust the data protocol itself along the transmission path of the different proportion, the relative performance of road transport more and better information, reduce the packet channel contention packet and other more data on the same path, so as to improve the the data transmission performance of.DMPR VANET on the whole is more suitable for communication in the transmission source node and destination node connection time longer, because data transmission time is longer in favor of DMP The dynamic adjustment of R.
This paper uses NS2 (Network Simulator version2) the network simulation software to verify the logic mechanism of DMPR. First write C++ code to implement DMPR routing protocol in NS2, then the code successfully installed into NS2 and recompile, and then simulate the real city traffic information using MOVE, finally using MOVE generated traffic information OTCL realize the experimental scene. In order to illustrate DMPR has better transmission performance in the city environment, the routing protocol of Ad-hoc DMPR and the classic AODV, GPSR and GSR performance comparison in the same scenario, through experiments that DMPR compared with other protocols in end-to-end delay and better packet delivery ratio.

【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U463.6;U495

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