船舶發(fā)動機(jī)余熱回收熱力循環(huán)的理論優(yōu)化及試驗研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-07-03 14:01
【摘要】：在各行各業(yè)節(jié)能減排的背景下,作為國際貿(mào)易主要的運輸工具,船舶消耗著巨大能源的同時也受到了國際排放法規(guī)的嚴(yán)苛限制,其節(jié)能減排的工作具有非常重要的現(xiàn)實意義。從船舶的能流平衡分析來看,大型二沖程柴油機(jī)的熱效率高達(dá)48-51%,但仍有一半左右的能量以廢氣、缸套水和增壓空氣等廢熱方式釋放到環(huán)境中,余熱能量巨大。由于船舶發(fā)動機(jī)具有運行工況穩(wěn)定以及可以直接使用海水作為冷源等優(yōu)點,促使船舶發(fā)動機(jī)余熱回收利用成為船舶節(jié)能減排領(lǐng)域中一個極具潛力的技術(shù)手段。基于此,本文針對船舶余熱能量達(dá)和船舶存在電、冷等多能量需求的特點,以提高余熱回收熱力系統(tǒng)的總能效率為目標(biāo),對船舶發(fā)動機(jī)余熱回收熱力系統(tǒng)展開了理論探索和試驗研究。本文以瓦錫蘭12RTA96C低速船舶柴油機(jī)為研究對象,根據(jù)發(fā)動機(jī)在不同工況下的運行參數(shù),對發(fā)動機(jī)的能流特性進(jìn)行了理論分析。按照發(fā)動機(jī)燃油成分和進(jìn)氣參數(shù),通過燃燒反應(yīng)方程式推導(dǎo)方法分析了排氣成分的含量,采用混合氣體的混合法則對發(fā)動機(jī)排氣的熱物性參數(shù)進(jìn)行了計算分析,在此基礎(chǔ)上對各余熱源在不同發(fā)動機(jī)工況下的“能流”和“?流”特性進(jìn)行了理論分析,為余熱回收系統(tǒng)性能研究提供了理論依據(jù)。結(jié)果表明,隨著發(fā)動機(jī)負(fù)荷的增加,各熱源的能量和?量均增加,在所有余熱源中,發(fā)動機(jī)排氣能量最大,在110%CMCR工況下達(dá)到最大值42808kW。同時,當(dāng)發(fā)動機(jī)負(fù)荷增加時,增壓空氣的能量和?量比例增加,缸套水和排氣的能量和?量比例卻減小了。在探明船舶發(fā)動機(jī)余熱特性的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了朗肯循環(huán)余熱回收系統(tǒng)數(shù)學(xué)模型,開展了系統(tǒng)的熱力學(xué)性能分析,為試驗系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計提供依據(jù)。根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的性能、穩(wěn)定性、安全性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性與環(huán)保性等因素篩選了11種工質(zhì),展開了蒸發(fā)壓力、冷凝溫度和發(fā)動機(jī)工況對系統(tǒng)性能的影響分析。結(jié)果表明,對于大部分選取的工質(zhì),余熱回收系統(tǒng)的輸出電量隨著蒸發(fā)壓力的增大先增大后減小且存在最大值,隨著冷凝溫度的減小而增大,在發(fā)動機(jī)大負(fù)荷下余熱回收潛力巨大。Cyclohexane作為工質(zhì)時系統(tǒng)的凈輸出電量最大,發(fā)動機(jī)的熱效率達(dá)52.08%,比原機(jī)提高6.5%;而使用水作為工質(zhì)時系統(tǒng)的熱效率和?效率最高。以YC6L330-30柴油機(jī)作為船舶發(fā)動機(jī)模擬機(jī)器,建立了導(dǎo)熱油中間換熱的有機(jī)朗肯循環(huán)余熱回收系統(tǒng)試驗平臺,進(jìn)行了采用膨脹閥和透平式膨脹裝置時的系統(tǒng)性能研究。當(dāng)發(fā)動機(jī)在轉(zhuǎn)速1700rpm、功率225kW工況下運轉(zhuǎn)時,膨脹閥進(jìn)口工質(zhì)?最大達(dá)到19.3kW,占發(fā)動機(jī)功率的8.58%;當(dāng)動機(jī)在轉(zhuǎn)速為1900rpm、功率為228kW時,透平膨脹裝置所產(chǎn)生的最大發(fā)電量僅為253W,占發(fā)動機(jī)功率的0.11%。在此基礎(chǔ)上,分析了系統(tǒng)所存在的問題,提出了下一步改進(jìn)的方向。為提高余熱回收熱力系統(tǒng)的總能效率,在簡單朗肯循環(huán)的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了缸套水預(yù)熱系統(tǒng)、水蒸氣中間再熱系統(tǒng)、水蒸氣雙段雙壓系統(tǒng)、雙級朗肯循環(huán)系統(tǒng)和朗肯-吸收式冷電聯(lián)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)等5種不同循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的余熱回收熱力系統(tǒng),構(gòu)建其數(shù)學(xué)模型并進(jìn)行了熱力學(xué)性能對比分析。結(jié)果表明,在相同的蒸發(fā)壓力下,除了缸套水預(yù)熱系統(tǒng)外,其余的余熱回收系統(tǒng)的凈輸出電量均比簡單朗肯循環(huán)高,朗肯-吸收式冷電聯(lián)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)總能轉(zhuǎn)化效率最高,其最高等效輸出電量達(dá)6068kW,此時其電量和制冷量分別為2927kW和12765kW,符合船舶上多能量需求的特點,是適合船舶發(fā)動機(jī)余熱回收的技術(shù)手段。本論文對選定的朗肯-吸收式冷電聯(lián)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的優(yōu)化。按照船舶上的能量需求,采用朗肯-帶再生器的吸收式冷電聯(lián)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)對電量和冷量輸出比例進(jìn)行了重新調(diào)整,在降低冷量輸出的基礎(chǔ)上增加電量輸出。系統(tǒng)的輸出電量增加到5121kW,而制冷量降低為489.3kW。不僅數(shù)量上滿足供需平衡,而且能質(zhì)上也得到了很好的匹配。
[Abstract]:Under the background of energy-saving and emission reduction in all walks of life, as the main transportation means of international trade, the ship consumes huge energy and is severely restricted by the international emission regulations, and the energy-saving and emission-reducing work of the ship is of great practical significance. From the analysis of the energy flow of the ship, the thermal efficiency of the large-scale two-stroke diesel engine is as high as 48-51%, but the energy still has about half of the energy is released into the environment by waste heat such as waste gas, cylinder liner water and pressurized air, and the waste heat energy is huge. Because the ship engine has the advantages of stable operating condition and direct use of seawater as a cold source, the waste heat recovery of the ship engine can be used as a great potential technical means in the field of energy-saving and emission reduction of the ship. On the basis of this, in order to improve the energy efficiency of the waste heat recovery and heat system, the theoretical exploration and experimental study of the heat system of the waste heat recovery of the ship engine are carried out in the light of the characteristics of the energy requirements of the ship's residual heat energy and the electric and cold energy of the ship. Based on the operating parameters of the engine under different operating conditions, the energy flow characteristics of the engine are analyzed theoretically. according to the fuel composition and the intake parameter of the engine, the content of the exhaust gas component is analyzed through the combustion reaction equation derivation method, and the thermal physical property parameters of the engine exhaust gas are calculated and analyzed by the mixing rule of the mixed gas, On this basis, the "energy flow" and "? flow" characteristics of the residual heat sources under different engine operating conditions are analyzed, and the theoretical basis for the performance research of the waste heat recovery system is provided. The results show that with the increase of the engine load, the energy and the energy of each heat source. The amount of exhaust gas is increased. In all the remaining heat sources, the engine exhaust energy is the largest, and the maximum value is 4280kW at 110% CMRCR. At the same time, when the engine load is increased, the energy of the charge air and? The volume ratio is increased, and the energy and the energy of the cylinder liner and the exhaust gas are increased. The amount ratio is reduced. On the basis of finding the waste heat characteristic of the ship engine, a mathematical model of the Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system is established, and the thermodynamic performance analysis of the system is carried out, and the basis for the design of the test system is provided. According to the performance, stability, safety, economy and environmental protection of the system,11 working fluids were selected, and the effects of evaporation pressure, condensation temperature and engine operating conditions on the system performance were analyzed. The results show that, for most of the selected working medium, the output electric quantity of the waste heat recovery system is reduced with the increase of the evaporation pressure and the maximum value is present, and the waste heat recovery potential is great under the large load of the engine as the condensation temperature is reduced. When Cyclohexane is used as a working medium, the net output power of the system is the largest, the thermal efficiency of the engine is 52.08%, which is 6.5% higher than that of the original machine, and the thermal efficiency of the system and the heat efficiency of the system when using water as the working medium. And the efficiency is the highest. Based on the YC6L330-30 diesel engine as a ship engine simulation machine, an organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system test platform for heat transfer oil is established, and the performance of the system is studied by using expansion valve and turbine expansion device. When the engine is operating at a speed of 1700 rpm and a power of 225 kW, the expansion valve inlet working medium? The maximum power generated by the turbine expansion device is only 253 W, accounting for 0.11% of the engine power when the motor is at the speed of 1900 rpm and the power is 228 kW. On this basis, the problems existing in the system are analyzed, and the direction of the next improvement is put forward. In order to improve the total energy efficiency of the heat recovery system of the waste heat, on the basis of the simple Rankine cycle, the water preheating system of the cylinder liner, the water vapor intermediate reheating system and the water vapor double-section double-pressure system are analyzed, The thermodynamic system of the waste heat of five different cycle structures, such as the two-stage Rankine cycle system and the Rankine-absorption type cold-electricity generation system, is constructed, and the mathematical model is constructed and the thermodynamic performance comparison analysis is carried out. The results show that, in the same evaporation pressure, in addition to the cylinder jacket water preheating system, the net output power of the remaining waste heat recovery system is higher than that of the simple Rankine cycle, and the Rankine-absorption type cold and electricity generation system has the highest conversion efficiency, and the maximum equivalent output power is 6068kW. At this time, the electric quantity and the cooling capacity of the ship are 2927 kW and 12765kW, respectively, which are in accordance with the characteristics of the multi-energy demand of the ship, and are the technical means suitable for the recovery of the waste heat of the ship engine. This paper further optimizes the selected Rankine-absorption cold-electricity co-production system. According to the energy demand of the ship, the output proportion of the electric quantity and the cold quantity is re-adjusted by using the absorption-type cold-electricity generation system of the Rankine-belt regenerator, and the electric quantity output is increased on the basis of reducing the output of the cold quantity. The output power of the system is increased to 5121 kW, and the cooling capacity is reduced to 489.3 kW. Not only can the balance of the supply and demand be met, but also a good match is obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U664.1;TK115
，
本文編號：2509447
[Abstract]:Under the background of energy-saving and emission reduction in all walks of life, as the main transportation means of international trade, the ship consumes huge energy and is severely restricted by the international emission regulations, and the energy-saving and emission-reducing work of the ship is of great practical significance. From the analysis of the energy flow of the ship, the thermal efficiency of the large-scale two-stroke diesel engine is as high as 48-51%, but the energy still has about half of the energy is released into the environment by waste heat such as waste gas, cylinder liner water and pressurized air, and the waste heat energy is huge. Because the ship engine has the advantages of stable operating condition and direct use of seawater as a cold source, the waste heat recovery of the ship engine can be used as a great potential technical means in the field of energy-saving and emission reduction of the ship. On the basis of this, in order to improve the energy efficiency of the waste heat recovery and heat system, the theoretical exploration and experimental study of the heat system of the waste heat recovery of the ship engine are carried out in the light of the characteristics of the energy requirements of the ship's residual heat energy and the electric and cold energy of the ship. Based on the operating parameters of the engine under different operating conditions, the energy flow characteristics of the engine are analyzed theoretically. according to the fuel composition and the intake parameter of the engine, the content of the exhaust gas component is analyzed through the combustion reaction equation derivation method, and the thermal physical property parameters of the engine exhaust gas are calculated and analyzed by the mixing rule of the mixed gas, On this basis, the "energy flow" and "? flow" characteristics of the residual heat sources under different engine operating conditions are analyzed, and the theoretical basis for the performance research of the waste heat recovery system is provided. The results show that with the increase of the engine load, the energy and the energy of each heat source. The amount of exhaust gas is increased. In all the remaining heat sources, the engine exhaust energy is the largest, and the maximum value is 4280kW at 110% CMRCR. At the same time, when the engine load is increased, the energy of the charge air and? The volume ratio is increased, and the energy and the energy of the cylinder liner and the exhaust gas are increased. The amount ratio is reduced. On the basis of finding the waste heat characteristic of the ship engine, a mathematical model of the Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system is established, and the thermodynamic performance analysis of the system is carried out, and the basis for the design of the test system is provided. According to the performance, stability, safety, economy and environmental protection of the system,11 working fluids were selected, and the effects of evaporation pressure, condensation temperature and engine operating conditions on the system performance were analyzed. The results show that, for most of the selected working medium, the output electric quantity of the waste heat recovery system is reduced with the increase of the evaporation pressure and the maximum value is present, and the waste heat recovery potential is great under the large load of the engine as the condensation temperature is reduced. When Cyclohexane is used as a working medium, the net output power of the system is the largest, the thermal efficiency of the engine is 52.08%, which is 6.5% higher than that of the original machine, and the thermal efficiency of the system and the heat efficiency of the system when using water as the working medium. And the efficiency is the highest. Based on the YC6L330-30 diesel engine as a ship engine simulation machine, an organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system test platform for heat transfer oil is established, and the performance of the system is studied by using expansion valve and turbine expansion device. When the engine is operating at a speed of 1700 rpm and a power of 225 kW, the expansion valve inlet working medium? The maximum power generated by the turbine expansion device is only 253 W, accounting for 0.11% of the engine power when the motor is at the speed of 1900 rpm and the power is 228 kW. On this basis, the problems existing in the system are analyzed, and the direction of the next improvement is put forward. In order to improve the total energy efficiency of the heat recovery system of the waste heat, on the basis of the simple Rankine cycle, the water preheating system of the cylinder liner, the water vapor intermediate reheating system and the water vapor double-section double-pressure system are analyzed, The thermodynamic system of the waste heat of five different cycle structures, such as the two-stage Rankine cycle system and the Rankine-absorption type cold-electricity generation system, is constructed, and the mathematical model is constructed and the thermodynamic performance comparison analysis is carried out. The results show that, in the same evaporation pressure, in addition to the cylinder jacket water preheating system, the net output power of the remaining waste heat recovery system is higher than that of the simple Rankine cycle, and the Rankine-absorption type cold and electricity generation system has the highest conversion efficiency, and the maximum equivalent output power is 6068kW. At this time, the electric quantity and the cooling capacity of the ship are 2927 kW and 12765kW, respectively, which are in accordance with the characteristics of the multi-energy demand of the ship, and are the technical means suitable for the recovery of the waste heat of the ship engine. This paper further optimizes the selected Rankine-absorption cold-electricity co-production system. According to the energy demand of the ship, the output proportion of the electric quantity and the cold quantity is re-adjusted by using the absorption-type cold-electricity generation system of the Rankine-belt regenerator, and the electric quantity output is increased on the basis of reducing the output of the cold quantity. The output power of the system is increased to 5121 kW, and the cooling capacity is reduced to 489.3 kW. Not only can the balance of the supply and demand be met, but also a good match is obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U664.1;TK115
，
本文編號：2509447
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