【摘要】：船舶以一個(gè)較高的速度航行時(shí)，因?yàn)榇昂筒ɡ酥g會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的碰撞，有時(shí)會(huì)造成船底暴露在水面之上。如果相對(duì)速度超過一個(gè)臨界值時(shí)，船再度入水那一刻，在船艏底部、舭部、外飄等區(qū)域會(huì)產(chǎn)生高壓峰值載荷，即砰擊現(xiàn)象。強(qiáng)烈的砰擊會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的后果。即使在海上遭遇的不是很嚴(yán)重的風(fēng)暴，船舶遭受砰擊荷載不大，持續(xù)的顫振仍然會(huì)導(dǎo)致船體結(jié)構(gòu)的抗疲勞強(qiáng)度降低。砰擊會(huì)致使發(fā)生砰擊的局部結(jié)構(gòu)屈曲，乃至破壞。結(jié)構(gòu)入水是一個(gè)短暫的過程，沖擊壓力作用時(shí)間非常短，但壓力值一般很大，瞬時(shí)的沖擊壓力會(huì)導(dǎo)致船體變形，嚴(yán)重的會(huì)導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)失效乃至解體。因此，船舶艏部砰擊問題的研究對(duì)船舶安全具有非常重要的意義。 以一艘40m長的鋼制游艇的艏部剖面為研究對(duì)象，采用數(shù)值模擬的方法，研究船舶艏部入水砰擊問題。根據(jù)砰擊載荷作用的相關(guān)理論，，確定入水速度、質(zhì)量和角度為主要影響因素。采用數(shù)值模擬軟件，建立了船體艏部特征結(jié)構(gòu)和流場二維仿真模型。通過確定船舶入水沖擊的約束、歐拉域尺寸以及歐拉域內(nèi)的壓力載荷等，建立了數(shù)值模擬的邊界條件；編制自動(dòng)程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的自動(dòng)輸入、生成，以及對(duì)輸入、輸出文件進(jìn)行批量管理。以砰擊壓力、壓力峰值等作為描述砰擊問題的關(guān)鍵參數(shù)，獲得了船舶入水過程中，艏部砰擊壓力時(shí)程曲線。通過變換三個(gè)因素的取值，對(duì)比分析了三個(gè)因素對(duì)游艇艏部砰擊壓力峰值的影響規(guī)律。 為驗(yàn)證數(shù)值模擬的準(zhǔn)確性，建立了實(shí)船二維楔形體數(shù)值模擬有限元分析模型，模擬了與已有試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)相同參數(shù)的入水過程。將模擬結(jié)果與已有數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比，驗(yàn)證了數(shù)值模擬的約束和邊界條件的準(zhǔn)確性。
[Abstract]:When a ship is sailing at a high speed, there is a serious collision between the ship and the waves, sometimes exposing the bottom of the ship to the surface of the water. If the relative velocity exceeds a critical value, at the moment when the ship enters the water again, a high pressure peak load, I. E. slamming, will occur at the bottom of the bow, bilge and floating outside. Strong slamming can have serious consequences. Even if there is not a very serious storm at sea, the ship is subjected to a small slamming load, and the continuous flutter will still reduce the fatigue strength of the hull structure. Slamming can cause buckling and even destruction of local structures. Structure entering water is a transient process, the impact pressure time is very short, but the pressure value is usually very large, the instantaneous impact pressure will lead to hull deformation, serious will lead to structural failure and even disintegration. Therefore, the study of bow slamming is of great significance to ship safety. Taking the bow section of a 40m long steel yacht as the research object, a numerical simulation method is used to study the water slamming in the bow of a ship. According to the theory of slamming load, the velocity, mass and angle of entering water are the main factors. Using numerical simulation software, a two-dimensional simulation model of hull bow characteristic structure and flow field is established. The boundary conditions of numerical simulation are established by determining the constraints of ship entering water impact, the size of Euler domain and the pressure load in Euler domain. Write automatic program to realize automatic data input, generation, and batch management of input and output files. Using slamming pressure and peak pressure as the key parameters to describe the slamming problem, the time history curve of bow slamming pressure in the process of ship entering water is obtained. By changing the values of three factors, the effects of three factors on the peak value of slamming pressure at the bow of the swam boat are compared and analyzed. In order to verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation, the finite element analysis model of 2-D wedge body numerical simulation of a ship is established, and the process of entering water with the same parameters as the existing experimental data is simulated. The simulation results are compared with the existing data to verify the accuracy of the constraints and boundary conditions of the numerical simulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：集美大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U661

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