基于北斗的海上落水自動報警系統(tǒng)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-17 10:09
【摘要】：我國海域面積遼闊,約為300萬平方千米。隨著我國的經濟逐年穩(wěn)步增長,對海洋資源的開發(fā)利用逐漸加大,投入到海洋工程、漁業(yè)、礦產資源的勘探與開發(fā)、海上空間資源等海洋事業(yè)的相關人員和資源逐漸增多。與此同時,受制于惡劣多變的海洋環(huán)境,各種海上落水遇險事件時常發(fā)生,嚴重威脅了海上作業(yè)人員的生命財產安全。對于海上人員落水事故,救援人員主要根據人員搜尋理論或漂流模型依靠肉眼尋找。隨著科技的發(fā)展,出現了越來越多的海上救生裝置,一定程度上解決了落水救援困難的問題,但仍存在功能單一或誤報警率較高的問題。當海上突發(fā)落水事故時,及時、準確地發(fā)現并且對其定位是展開救援工作的前提。為了保障海上人員的生命安全,結合北斗和無線通信技術,設計了一種海上人員落水自動檢測并報警求救的系統(tǒng),當發(fā)生落水狀況時,能及時、有效地檢測到落水狀態(tài),并通過無線數據的傳輸將落水者的位置信息發(fā)送到本船或者附近船舶。該系統(tǒng)主要由求救終端和船載終端組成,求救終端的功能主要是用戶落水狀態(tài)的檢測和落水后的報警呼救,船載終端接收求救終端發(fā)送的信號,并作落水判斷。當檢測到落水信號后,立刻報警通知相關人員有船員落水。首先,根據系統(tǒng)的功能對整個系統(tǒng)進行了硬件設計。求救終端硬件設計中,選用STM32系列單片機作為其控制單元,完成對其它芯片的控制和數據的處理。定位功能的實現依靠的是基帶射頻一體化的UC221北斗定位芯片,無線收發(fā)芯片n RF905完成終端間的通信。采用加速度傳感器、壓力傳感器和結露傳感器的聯(lián)合工作,通過對加速度、壓力以及濕度的檢測確定佩戴者是否為落水狀態(tài)。其中,加速度閾值通過多次試驗獲得,壓力閾值是經過理論計算得到,濕度閾值則是根據結露傳感器的特性曲線而定。考慮到求救終端總體功耗較小,采用+5V的鋰電池為該終端供電。船載終端的電源模塊與無線通信模塊與求救終端相同,該終端通過串行接口RS-232C與上位機建立連接,利用n RF905芯片與用戶建立通信并根據發(fā)來的數據作落水判斷,當檢測到數據為落水求救信息后立刻報警,及時提醒發(fā)生人員落水遇險狀況并迅速展開救援。報警模塊是通過蜂鳴器實現。硬件設計中,使用PROTEL DXP軟件對各個芯片的電路原理圖進行了設計,并在最后簡單介紹了PCB的設計流程及元器件的布局原則。其次,對整個系統(tǒng)及系統(tǒng)中的北斗模塊和無線射頻模塊進行了軟件設計,并詳細繪制了各模塊的工作流程圖。軟件設計過程中,重點對n RF905芯片的收發(fā)過程、加速度傳感器的數據采集以及壓力傳感器的數據采集進行了C語言的編制,對北斗解析過程也作了詳細的說明。考慮到系統(tǒng)中求救終端的數量問題,選擇了TMDA時分多址通信技術改善通信效率。最后,為驗證系統(tǒng)的可行性和穩(wěn)定性,分別展開了硬件調試、軟件調試及軟硬結合調試。調試的最后,對北斗定位的效果進行了解算分析,得到了10m的定位誤差。經過測試表明,當發(fā)生人員落水情況,求救終端可迅速且有效地檢測落水者的狀態(tài)并自動發(fā)送落水求救信息,船載終端檢測數據并判定為求救信號后立即報警,及時反應并展開搜救工作。該系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定可靠,落水檢測正確率高,極大地降低了類似系統(tǒng)的誤報警率,為海上工作者提供了有效的安全保障。
[Abstract]:China has a vast area of about 3 million square kilometers. With the growth of our country's economy year by year, the exploitation and utilization of marine resources has gradually increased, and the related personnel and resources invested in the exploration and development of ocean engineering, fishery and mineral resources and marine space resources have gradually increased. At the same time, it is subject to the severe and changeable marine environment, and various offshore water-falling distress events frequently occur, which is a serious threat to the safety of life and property of the personnel at sea. In the event of water falling in the sea, the rescue personnel mainly rely on the human eye to search for the theory of personnel search or the drift model. With the development of science and technology, more and more marine life-saving devices have emerged, some of which have solved the problem of the difficulty of rescue and rescue, but there are still problems of single function or high false alarm rate. In the event of a sudden water-falling accident at sea, it is the premise to find out and locate the rescue work in a timely and accurate way. in order to guarantee the life safety of the sea personnel, a system for automatically detecting and alarming the water falling into the water of the sea is designed in combination with the Beidou and the wireless communication technology, and transmits the position information of the water-falling person to the ship or a nearby ship through the transmission of the wireless data. The system is mainly composed of a distress terminal and a carrier terminal, the function of the distress terminal is mainly the detection of the water falling state of the user and the alarm for help after falling into the water, and the ship loading terminal receives the signal sent by the distress terminal and judges the water falling. When the water falling signal is detected, the alarm shall be given immediately to the relevant personnel to fall into the water. First, the whole system is hardware-designed according to the function of the system. In the hardware design of the distress terminal, the STM32-series single-chip computer is used as its control unit, and the control and data processing of the other chips are completed. The positioning function is realized by the base band radio frequency integrated UC221 Beidou positioning chip, and the wireless transceiver chip n RF905 completes the communication between the terminals. the combined work of the acceleration sensor, the pressure sensor and the dewing sensor is adopted to determine whether the wearer is in the water falling state by detecting the acceleration, the pressure and the humidity. in which, the acceleration threshold is obtained by a plurality of tests, and the pressure threshold value is obtained through a theoretical calculation, and the humidity threshold value is determined according to the characteristic curve of the dewing sensor. In view of the small overall power consumption of the distress terminal, the terminal is powered by a + 5V lithium battery. the power supply module of the ship loading terminal is the same as the wireless communication module and the distress terminal, the terminal establishes a connection with the upper computer through the serial interface RS-232C, establishes communication with the user through the n RF905 chip, and timely remind the person that the person is in danger of falling into the water and carry out rescue quickly. the alarm module is realized by a buzzer. In the hardware design, the circuit schematic diagram of each chip is designed by using the PROTELL DXP software, and the design process of the PCB and the layout principle of the components are briefly introduced. Secondly, the software design of the Beidou module and the radio frequency module in the whole system and the system is designed, and the working flow chart of each module is drawn in detail. In the process of software design, the process of transmitting and receiving of the n RF905 chip, the data acquisition of the acceleration sensor and the data acquisition of the pressure sensor are made, and the analysis of the Beidou is also described in detail. Considering the number of SOS terminals in the system, the TMDA time division multiple access communication technology is selected to improve the communication efficiency. Finally, to verify the feasibility and stability of the system, the hardware debugging, software debugging and soft and hard combined debugging are respectively expanded. At the end of the debugging, the effect of the Beidou positioning is analyzed and analyzed, and the positioning error of 10m is obtained. The test shows that when the person falls into the water, the distress terminal can quickly and effectively detect the state of the water falling person and automatically send the water-falling distress information, and the ship loading terminal detects the data and judges that the rescue signal is immediately alarmed, and the rescue work is carried out in a timely manner. The system is stable and reliable, the water falling detection accuracy is high, the false alarm rate of the similar system is greatly reduced, and an effective safety guarantee is provided for the offshore workers.
【學位授予單位】：上海海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U676.83
[Abstract]:China has a vast area of about 3 million square kilometers. With the growth of our country's economy year by year, the exploitation and utilization of marine resources has gradually increased, and the related personnel and resources invested in the exploration and development of ocean engineering, fishery and mineral resources and marine space resources have gradually increased. At the same time, it is subject to the severe and changeable marine environment, and various offshore water-falling distress events frequently occur, which is a serious threat to the safety of life and property of the personnel at sea. In the event of water falling in the sea, the rescue personnel mainly rely on the human eye to search for the theory of personnel search or the drift model. With the development of science and technology, more and more marine life-saving devices have emerged, some of which have solved the problem of the difficulty of rescue and rescue, but there are still problems of single function or high false alarm rate. In the event of a sudden water-falling accident at sea, it is the premise to find out and locate the rescue work in a timely and accurate way. in order to guarantee the life safety of the sea personnel, a system for automatically detecting and alarming the water falling into the water of the sea is designed in combination with the Beidou and the wireless communication technology, and transmits the position information of the water-falling person to the ship or a nearby ship through the transmission of the wireless data. The system is mainly composed of a distress terminal and a carrier terminal, the function of the distress terminal is mainly the detection of the water falling state of the user and the alarm for help after falling into the water, and the ship loading terminal receives the signal sent by the distress terminal and judges the water falling. When the water falling signal is detected, the alarm shall be given immediately to the relevant personnel to fall into the water. First, the whole system is hardware-designed according to the function of the system. In the hardware design of the distress terminal, the STM32-series single-chip computer is used as its control unit, and the control and data processing of the other chips are completed. The positioning function is realized by the base band radio frequency integrated UC221 Beidou positioning chip, and the wireless transceiver chip n RF905 completes the communication between the terminals. the combined work of the acceleration sensor, the pressure sensor and the dewing sensor is adopted to determine whether the wearer is in the water falling state by detecting the acceleration, the pressure and the humidity. in which, the acceleration threshold is obtained by a plurality of tests, and the pressure threshold value is obtained through a theoretical calculation, and the humidity threshold value is determined according to the characteristic curve of the dewing sensor. In view of the small overall power consumption of the distress terminal, the terminal is powered by a + 5V lithium battery. the power supply module of the ship loading terminal is the same as the wireless communication module and the distress terminal, the terminal establishes a connection with the upper computer through the serial interface RS-232C, establishes communication with the user through the n RF905 chip, and timely remind the person that the person is in danger of falling into the water and carry out rescue quickly. the alarm module is realized by a buzzer. In the hardware design, the circuit schematic diagram of each chip is designed by using the PROTELL DXP software, and the design process of the PCB and the layout principle of the components are briefly introduced. Secondly, the software design of the Beidou module and the radio frequency module in the whole system and the system is designed, and the working flow chart of each module is drawn in detail. In the process of software design, the process of transmitting and receiving of the n RF905 chip, the data acquisition of the acceleration sensor and the data acquisition of the pressure sensor are made, and the analysis of the Beidou is also described in detail. Considering the number of SOS terminals in the system, the TMDA time division multiple access communication technology is selected to improve the communication efficiency. Finally, to verify the feasibility and stability of the system, the hardware debugging, software debugging and soft and hard combined debugging are respectively expanded. At the end of the debugging, the effect of the Beidou positioning is analyzed and analyzed, and the positioning error of 10m is obtained. The test shows that when the person falls into the water, the distress terminal can quickly and effectively detect the state of the water falling person and automatically send the water-falling distress information, and the ship loading terminal detects the data and judges that the rescue signal is immediately alarmed, and the rescue work is carried out in a timely manner. The system is stable and reliable, the water falling detection accuracy is high, the false alarm rate of the similar system is greatly reduced, and an effective safety guarantee is provided for the offshore workers.
【學位授予單位】：上海海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U676.83
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