【摘要】：大型半潛船以其獨特的船型特征和裝卸方式,在特重大貨物運輸過程中,有著其他船舶不可比擬的性能優(yōu)勢。隨著海上油氣的開采、特種船舶和設備的運輸以及海上救援打撈的需要,半潛船市場日漸繁榮。在大型半潛船運載能力不斷提高的同時,對其結(jié)構(gòu)的安全性要求也在不斷的提高。半潛船作為在海工領域日益重要的新型船舶,因其結(jié)構(gòu)形式的特殊性,常規(guī)船舶的規(guī)范并不完全適用,目前,中國船級社2012年頒布的《鋼質(zhì)海船入級規(guī)范》對半潛船的要求有少量描述,且大部分要求來自于經(jīng)驗公式;同時,大型半潛船一般運載的貨物重大且價值昂貴,其在裝卸過程中船體受力復雜多樣,具有很大的不確定性,所以,對大型半潛船在裝卸貨物過程中的載荷變化和結(jié)構(gòu)響應進行合理、準確的分析計算是非常必要的。本文對大型半潛船船體結(jié)構(gòu)強度的計算方法進行了研究和分析,并應用通用有限元軟件ANSYS對某大型半潛船的橫向強度、甲板局部強度、總縱強度以及貨物滑移裝載過程的船體結(jié)構(gòu)強度問題進行了計算和分析,形成了適用于大型半潛船船體結(jié)構(gòu)強度的直接計算方法,可作為工程實踐參考之用。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容包括:(1)運用有限元軟件ANSYS,建立了滿足大型半潛船各計算工況強度計算需要的船體中部艙段模型和整船模型;(2)進行了大型半潛船橫向強度的計算,分析了多種工況下船體結(jié)構(gòu)的載荷變化及結(jié)構(gòu)響應情況,計算工況的選取綜合考慮了船舶在波浪中的中垂和中拱情況以及船舶在隨浪、迎浪下的舷外水壓對稱分布情況和橫浪作用下的舷外水壓非對稱分布情況等因素,以期對半潛船航行及作業(yè)過程的危險工況進行分析;同時,還對半潛船載運平臺過程中的載貨甲板區(qū)域進行了局部強度計算,分析了貨物載荷不同加載方式對載貨甲板局部強度的影響;(3)進行了船體總縱強度的計算,采用慣性釋放方法對整船結(jié)構(gòu)進行了靜力分析,該方法消除了約束點反力,可準確、合理的對全船結(jié)構(gòu)總縱強度進行分析與評估;(4)研究了半潛船滑移裝載過程中的各種危險工況,計算了滑移裝載過程船體結(jié)構(gòu)的應力,重點分析了貨物在滑移裝載過程中載荷分布變化對船體結(jié)構(gòu)強度的影響。
[Abstract]:Large-scale semi-submersible ships have incomparable performance advantages over other ships in the process of heavy cargo transportation because of their unique ship type characteristics and loading and unloading mode. With the exploitation of offshore oil and gas, the transportation of special vessels and equipment, and the need of rescue and salvage, the market of semi-submersible ships is booming day by day. While the carrying capacity of large semi-submersible ship is improving continuously, the safety requirements of its structure are also being improved. As a new type of ship, semi-submersible ship is becoming more and more important in the field of marine engineering. Because of the particularity of its structure, the norm of conventional ship is not fully applicable. The requirements of semi-submersible ships issued by China Classification Society in 2012 have a small amount of description, and most of the requirements come from empirical formulas. At the same time, the cargo carried by large semi-submersible ship is heavy and expensive, and its loading is complex and varied during the loading and unloading process, so it has great uncertainty. It is necessary to analyze and calculate the load variation and structural response of large semi-submersible ship during loading and unloading. In this paper, the calculation method of the hull structure strength of a large semi-submersible ship is studied and analyzed, and the transverse strength and deck local strength of a large semi-submersible ship are analyzed by using the general finite element software ANSYS. The calculation and analysis of the longitudinal strength and the strength of the ship structure during the loading process of the cargo slip are carried out, and a direct calculation method for the strength of the hull structure of the large semi-submersible ship is formed, which can be used as a reference in engineering practice. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) using the finite element software ANSYS, to establish the hull middle segment model and the whole ship model to meet the needs of strength calculation of large semi-submersible ship under different working conditions; (2) the transverse strength of large semi-submersible ship is calculated, and the load variation and structural response of hull structure under various working conditions are analyzed. The selection of calculation conditions takes into account the vertical and mid-arch conditions of the ship in the wave, the symmetrical distribution of the outboard water pressure under the wave following the wave and the asymmetric distribution of the outboard water pressure under the action of the transverse wave, etc. The aim is to analyze the dangerous conditions of the semi-submersible ship during navigation and operation. At the same time, the local strength of the loading deck area in the course of the semi-submersible ship loading platform is calculated, and the influence of different loading modes on the local strength of the loading deck is analyzed. (3) the longitudinal strength of the hull is calculated, and the static analysis of the whole ship structure is carried out by using the inertial release method. The method eliminates the reaction force of the constraint point, and can be accurately and reasonably analyzed and evaluated for the overall longitudinal strength of the whole ship structure; (4) in this paper, various dangerous working conditions of semi-submersible ship during slip loading are studied, and the stress of ship structure during slip loading is calculated, and the influence of load distribution on the strength of ship structure during slip loading is analyzed.
【學位授予單位】：華南理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U674.941;U661.43

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