【摘要】：瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速信號(hào)中包含著豐富的能夠反映柴油機(jī)氣缸做功能力的信息。所以基于瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速的柴油機(jī)故障診斷技術(shù)在國(guó)內(nèi)外都進(jìn)行了大量的研究，而其測(cè)量方便且簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用的優(yōu)點(diǎn)使得該技術(shù)在診斷柴油機(jī)氣缸運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的應(yīng)用上得到了極高的重視。但是目前對(duì)于瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速的應(yīng)用多集中在點(diǎn)火間隔角較大的直列柴油機(jī)，對(duì)于點(diǎn)火間隔角較小的16缸V型柴油機(jī)應(yīng)用效果較差。這是因?yàn)榉从吃谒矔r(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速信號(hào)上的每個(gè)特征都可能是多個(gè)氣缸耦合的作用，這就為故障的定位和識(shí)別增加了難度。而本文以此為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，對(duì)瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速在16缸V型柴油機(jī)上的應(yīng)用就行探索性研究。 首先，本文研究了瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速的測(cè)量方法，，構(gòu)建了瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量系統(tǒng)。通過(guò)分析實(shí)測(cè)飛輪端原始信號(hào)的特點(diǎn)，采用數(shù)字濾波的方法對(duì)信號(hào)進(jìn)行預(yù)處理。并應(yīng)用零點(diǎn)法和解調(diào)法兩種計(jì)算原理完全不同的方法來(lái)相互輔證瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速波形計(jì)算的準(zhǔn)確性。 其次，利用上文求得的瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速波形，提取幾種目前常用的特征參數(shù)，對(duì)柴油機(jī)氣缸運(yùn)行狀態(tài)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，對(duì)比分析評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果簡(jiǎn)述其在16缸V型柴油機(jī)上應(yīng)用效果不好的原因，并基于以上分析提出能夠更好地反映氣缸運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的特征參數(shù)：瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速峰值、谷值的趨勢(shì)變化以及經(jīng)去均值處理的瞬時(shí)角速度與瞬時(shí)角加速度，同時(shí)指出這些特征參數(shù)的應(yīng)用條件。 最后，在能夠準(zhǔn)確定位故障缸的前提下應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的方法確定能夠更為精確表征故障嚴(yán)重程度的特征參數(shù)，并結(jié)合以上分析建立診斷模型，通過(guò)實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證模型的準(zhǔn)確性
[Abstract]:The instantaneous speed signal contains abundant information which can reflect the work ability of diesel engine cylinder. Therefore, diesel engine fault diagnosis technology based on instantaneous speed has been studied extensively at home and abroad, and its advantages of convenient and practical measurement make the application of this technology in the diagnosis of diesel engine cylinder running state to be highly valued. But at present, most of the applications of instantaneous speed are focused on the in-line diesel engine with larger ignition interval angle, but the application effect is poor for 16-cylinder V-type diesel engine with small ignition interval angle. This is because each feature reflected in the instantaneous speed signal may be coupled with multiple cylinders, which makes it more difficult to locate and identify faults. In this paper, the application of instantaneous speed in 16 cylinder V diesel engine is studied. Firstly, the measurement method of instantaneous speed is studied, and the system of measuring instantaneous speed is constructed. By analyzing the characteristics of the original signal at the end of the flywheel, the digital filter is used to preprocess the signal. The zero point method and demodulation method are used to verify the accuracy of instantaneous speed waveform calculation. Secondly, by using the instantaneous speed waveform obtained above, several commonly used characteristic parameters are extracted to evaluate the operating state of diesel engine cylinder. The results of comparative analysis and evaluation describe the reasons for its poor application in 16-cylinder V-type diesel engine. Based on the above analysis, the characteristic parameters which can better reflect the running state of the cylinder are proposed, such as the peak speed of instantaneous speed, the trend change of valley value, and the instantaneous angular velocity and angular acceleration treated by de-mean value. At the same time, the application conditions of these characteristic parameters are pointed out. Finally, under the premise of locating the fault cylinder accurately, the statistical analysis method is applied to determine the characteristic parameters which can more accurately characterize the severity of the fault. Combined with the above analysis, the diagnostic model is established, and the accuracy of the model is verified by the measured data.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U664.121;U672.74

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