【摘要】：天文定位作為重要的備用航海系統(tǒng)有著無可比擬的優(yōu)勢。計算機輔助天文航海定位可以很快的計算復雜方程，可以實現(xiàn)快速和準確的定位。本文著重分析了天文定位中常見誤差，儀器誤差，影響觀測高度因素誤差，以及單天體定位，雙天體定位和三天體定位中的船位誤差，并對上述誤差進行了準確的修正，建立了相應的修正方程，使定位誤差進一步的減小。并根據(jù)球面三角形原理，建立了單天體定位，雙天體定位和三天體定位的數(shù)學模型，并對數(shù)學模型的正確性和有效性做了檢驗，最后編制了計算機輔助天文定位的程序。 隨著仿真技術(shù)的發(fā)展，本文將誤差分析與仿真技術(shù)相結(jié)合，我們可以很清楚的分析誤差大小的變化。通過對產(chǎn)生的誤差源進行分析和分類，建立對應的修正方程，減少誤差，使定位精度進一步提高，計算的精度更加接近GPS值，定位的精度增加了2′㧟3′，使誤差對天文航海的影響將減小，船位的位置精度得到提高，，天文航海迎來新的發(fā)展機遇。 通過對誤差分析計算，我們可以得到更加準確的觀測高度和更加準確的船位，并通過對不同定位原理的分析和程序的編制，可以很快實現(xiàn)定位計算，天文定位的實時性得到了保證。 計算機輔助天文定位的程序界面的搭建，實現(xiàn)了人機交互化，創(chuàng)建了天文航海的實驗平臺，并逐步實現(xiàn)航海的自動化和現(xiàn)代化。
[Abstract]:As an important standby navigation system, astronomical positioning has unparalleled advantages. Computer aided astronomical navigation positioning can quickly calculate complex equations and realize fast and accurate positioning. In this paper, the common errors in astronomical positioning, the instrument errors, the errors of the factors affecting the observation height, and the errors of ship position in the positioning of single celestial bodies, double celestial bodies and three celestial bodies are emphatically analyzed, and the above errors are corrected accurately. The corresponding correction equation is established to further reduce the positioning error. According to the principle of spherical triangle, the mathematical models of single celestial body positioning, double celestial body positioning and three celestial body positioning are established, and the correctness and validity of the mathematical model are tested. Finally, the computer aided astronomical positioning program is worked out. With the development of simulation technology, this paper combines error analysis with simulation technology, and we can clearly analyze the change of error. Through the analysis and classification of the error source, the corresponding correction equation is established, the error is reduced, the positioning accuracy is further improved, the accuracy of calculation is closer to the GPS value, and the positioning accuracy is increased by 2 times. The influence of error on astronomical navigation will be reduced, the position accuracy of ship position will be improved, and the astronomical navigation will face a new development opportunity. Through the error analysis and calculation, we can get more accurate observation altitude and more accurate ship position, and through the analysis of different positioning principles and the programming of the program, we can quickly realize the positioning calculation. The real time of astronomical positioning is guaranteed. The construction of computer aided astronomical positioning program interface realizes man-machine interaction, establishes the experimental platform of astronomical navigation, and realizes the automation and modernization of navigation step by step.
【學位授予單位】：天津理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U666.13

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