【摘要】：海洋污損生物的存在對(duì)船舶運(yùn)行、檢修等活動(dòng)有著極大的影響。附著在船體表面的污損生物造成船舶負(fù)載增大、油耗增加、檢修困難等問題，如不加以控制，會(huì)嚴(yán)重的影響船舶性能，造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。傳統(tǒng)的抗污損方法一般是通過防污涂料釋放重金屬離子或者有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)來抑制或者消除污損生物。這樣雖然可以有效的減少污損生物的附著，但是也造成了嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染。隨著環(huán)境問題的日益突出，有毒涂料逐漸被淘汰，新型綠色無毒、安全高效的防污手段是抗海洋污損的發(fā)展方向。 非光滑表面對(duì)污損生物附著的影響是非常明顯的，論文通過機(jī)械加工和人工打磨的方法加工了不同表面粗糙度和接觸角的鋼板試片，選擇了羽狀舟形藻作為目標(biāo)硅藻，并對(duì)其實(shí)驗(yàn)室培養(yǎng)方法、培養(yǎng)條件、保種方法做出了闡述。為驗(yàn)證表面參數(shù)對(duì)污損生物附著的影響，進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下的靜態(tài)沉浸實(shí)驗(yàn)、沖刷實(shí)驗(yàn)、計(jì)數(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)等一系列的實(shí)驗(yàn)工作，通過比較分析，確定了接觸角是影響污損生物附著的主要因素。 在確定接觸角是影響污損生物附著的主要因素之后，，設(shè)計(jì)了一種表面微結(jié)構(gòu)即V型槽，選取有機(jī)玻璃板作為加工材料，使用激光刻蝕儀進(jìn)行加工，獲取試板后通過附著實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了其具有防污的效果，但由于加工條件的限制，在對(duì)V型槽進(jìn)行尺度的優(yōu)化時(shí)，選擇了數(shù)學(xué)建模的方法，以接觸角為函數(shù)，槽寬、槽深、槽間距作為自變量，分別采用了線性建模和非線性建模的方法建立模型，對(duì)比所建模型的準(zhǔn)確度，最終選擇非線性模型作為描述V型槽尺度優(yōu)化的數(shù)學(xué)模型。
[Abstract]:The existence of marine fouling organisms has great influence on ship operation, maintenance and other activities. The fouling organisms attached to the hull surface cause the increase of ship load, the increase of oil consumption, the difficulty of maintenance and so on. If it is not controlled, it will seriously affect the performance of the ship and cause huge economic losses. The traditional anti-fouling method is to release heavy metal ions or toxic chemicals to inhibit or eliminate fouling organisms. Although this can effectively reduce the fouling organisms adhesion, but also caused serious environmental pollution. With the increasingly prominent environmental problems, toxic coatings are gradually eliminated. A new type of green, non-toxic, safe and efficient anti-fouling means is the development direction of anti-marine fouling. The influence of non-smooth surface on fouling biological adhesion is very obvious. In this paper, different surface roughness and contact angle of steel plate were processed by mechanical processing and manual grinding, and the pinnacytoid was selected as the target diatom. The laboratory culture methods, culture conditions and conservation methods are also described. In order to verify the effect of surface parameters on fouling biological adhesion, a series of experiments, such as static immersion experiment, scour experiment and counting experiment, were carried out under laboratory conditions. The contact angle was determined to be the main factor affecting the fouling biological adhesion. After determining that the contact angle is the main factor affecting the fouling biological adhesion, a surface microstructure, called V-shaped groove, is designed. The plexiglass plate is selected as the processing material, and the laser etching apparatus is used to process it. After obtaining the test plate, the effect of anti-fouling was verified by the attachment experiment. However, due to the limitation of processing conditions, the mathematical modeling method was chosen to optimize the scale of V-groove. The contact angle was taken as the function, the slot width, the groove depth, the contact angle as the function, the width of the groove and the depth of the slot as the function. As independent variables, the linear and nonlinear modeling methods are used to establish the model, and the accuracy of the model is compared. Finally, the nonlinear model is chosen as the mathematical model to describe the V-shape slot scale optimization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U664.9

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