發(fā)布時間：2018-06-15 00:24

  本文選題：水面漂浮物 + 收集裝置�。� 參考：《上海海洋大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和人民生活水平的提高,城市化進程逐漸加快,各城市人工景觀水域與水生態(tài)修復(fù)建設(shè)工程不斷涌現(xiàn)。但是景觀水域由于各種原因往往會漂浮著一些水面垃圾,不僅造成視覺影響,還會引起水質(zhì)惡化,水體異味,違背了景觀水域的初衷。蝦蟹池塘由于養(yǎng)殖的需要會種植沉水植物,但是沉水植物需要定期地切割和清理�，F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)存在用于切割水草的切割裝置,仍需要收集裝置將切割的水草打撈清理。目前,小型水域水面漂浮物的清理辦法主要是采用手持式網(wǎng)兜等傳統(tǒng)工具進行清除,存在清理不干凈、耗時長、效率低、勞動強度大等弊端。市場上存在的水面漂浮物收集裝置,往往是大型水域水葫蘆打撈船,或水面打撈船(也稱水面清掃船),其結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、體型龐大、成本高昂,非常不適合于小型景觀水域和養(yǎng)殖水域的使用。為了提高小型水域水面漂浮物收集的效率和養(yǎng)殖水域的清潔度,降低打撈者的工作強度,設(shè)計一種可拆卸式、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、工作可靠的小型水面漂浮物收集裝置變得十分重要。本文就是設(shè)計這樣一種能方便安裝于小型水域中現(xiàn)有船只的收集裝置。首先,根據(jù)收集裝置的工作要求,制定了小型水域水面漂浮物收集裝置的設(shè)計方案。裝置采用側(cè)面安裝的方式,安裝于雙體船上,利用翻轉(zhuǎn)收集筐進行漂浮物的收集作業(yè),由活塞氣缸和無桿氣缸驅(qū)動,選用汽油機作為動力裝置。并設(shè)計了輔助裝置,將普通的現(xiàn)有船只改造成雙體船,為收集筐的安裝提供平臺。裝置主要通過兩個收集筐交替工作來實現(xiàn)了收集裝置的連續(xù)作業(yè)。其次,制定了收集裝置的工作流程,對收集筐裝置的各組成部分進行了詳細的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。根據(jù)船體的大小和特性,確定了收集筐的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸,計算了收集裝置的安裝位置。根據(jù)安裝位置,對收集裝置在收集過程中氣缸的受力進行了分析,得到氣缸的最大受力,為接下來的氣缸選型做準(zhǔn)備。接著,根據(jù)收集裝置的工作流程,設(shè)計了收集裝置執(zhí)行氣缸的氣動控制系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)主要由活塞氣缸翻轉(zhuǎn)回路、無桿氣缸推移回路和無桿氣缸同步回路組成,活塞氣缸翻轉(zhuǎn)回路實現(xiàn)收集筐的翻轉(zhuǎn),無桿氣缸推移回路實現(xiàn)推移板的往返推移,無桿氣缸同步回路實現(xiàn)兩個氣缸的同步運行,從而保證推移板穩(wěn)定工作,避免不同步引起的卡死現(xiàn)象。根據(jù)裝置的設(shè)計參數(shù)和受力分析,對氣缸驅(qū)動元件和控制元件進行了詳細的選型。同時該驅(qū)動裝置采用PLC進行集中控制,便于自動化和手動操作。本設(shè)計根據(jù)控制要求和PLC特性,對PLC進行了選型,分配了PLC的輸入點和輸出點,設(shè)計了相應(yīng)的PLC控制程序,并通過實驗臺進行了調(diào)試驗證。最后,制作了實驗裝置模型,通過模型的工作驗證了收集裝置工作的可行性。通過模型和PLC的聯(lián)合實驗表明,PLC能夠較好地控制裝置模型的預(yù)期動作,實現(xiàn)收集筐的收集過程。論文設(shè)計的收集裝置,根據(jù)小型水域現(xiàn)有的船體進行設(shè)計,結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,通過二個收集筐的交替工作實現(xiàn)連續(xù)作業(yè),需要收集時可方便地安裝在現(xiàn)有船體上,結(jié)束工作后可以快速拆下,不僅省去了船體的費用,價格低廉,還有利于裝置的保養(yǎng)和維護。該裝置可應(yīng)用于小型水域水面漂浮物的收集,具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:With the development of the social economy and the improvement of the people's living standard, the process of urbanization is accelerating gradually. The construction projects of artificial landscape water and water ecological restoration are constantly emerging in various cities. However, the landscape waters often float some of the water waste because of various reasons, which not only cause visual influence, but also cause the deterioration of water quality, the odor of water bodies, and the violation of the water. The original intention of the landscape waters is that the shrimp and crab ponds can be planted with submerged plants due to the need of breeding, but the submerged plants need to be cut and cleaned regularly. Now there is a cutting device for cutting water and grass. The traditional tools such as handheld net pocket are removed, and there are disadvantages of clean cleaning, long time, low efficiency and high labor intensity. The existing floating material collection device in the market is often a large water gourd fishing boat, or a water surface dredge (also known as a water surface cleaning ship). Its structure is complex, large and costly, and is very unsuitable for the market. The use of small landscape waters and aquaculture waters. In order to improve the efficiency of the collection of floating objects in small waters and the cleanliness of the aquaculture water and reduce the work intensity of the fishermen, it is important to design a removable, simple and reliable small floating collection device for the water surface. This is the design of such an energy side. It is installed in the collection of existing vessels in small waters. First, according to the work requirements of the collection device, a design scheme for the collection of floating objects in small water surface is formulated. The device is installed in a flank way, mounted on a catamaran, and the collection operation of floating objects is carried out by a reversal collection basket, with a piston cylinder and a rod free cylinder. Drive, select the gasoline engine as the power plant. And design the auxiliary device, transform the common existing ship into the catamaran, provide the platform for the collection basket installation. The device is mainly through two collecting baskets alternately working to realize the continuous operation of the collection device. Secondly, the working flow of the collection device is formulated, and the collection of basket devices are set up. According to the size and characteristics of the hull, the structure size of the collection basket is determined and the installation position of the collection device is calculated. According to the installation position, the force of the cylinder in the collection process is analyzed, the maximum force of the cylinder is obtained, and the next cylinder type selection is prepared. Then, the cylinder's maximum force is obtained. According to the work flow of the collection device, a pneumatic control system for collecting the actuator cylinder is designed. This system is mainly composed of the piston cylinder turnover loop, the rod cylinder's lapse loop and the synchronous loop of the non rod cylinder, and the turnover loop of the piston cylinder realizes the reversal of the collection basket. The synchronous circuit of the cylinder cylinder realizes the synchronous operation of the two cylinders, thus ensuring the stable work of the bed plate and avoiding the death of the card. According to the design parameters and the force analysis of the device, the cylinder drive element and the control element are selected in detail. At the same time, the driving installation uses PLC for centralized control so as to facilitate automation and control. Manual operation. According to the control requirements and PLC characteristics, the design of the PLC is selected, the input point and output point of PLC are allocated, the corresponding PLC control program is designed, and the test verification is carried out through the experiment platform. Finally, the model of the experimental device is made, and the feasibility of the collection device is verified through the work of the model. Through the model and PL The joint experiment of C shows that PLC can better control the expected action of the device model and realize the collection process of the collection basket. The collection device designed in this paper is designed according to the existing hull of the small waters. The structure is simple, and the continuous work is realized through the alternate work of two collecting baskets, which is convenient to be installed on the existing hull. After the end of the work, it can be quickly removed, not only the cost of the hull, the low price, and the maintenance and maintenance of the device. This device can be applied to the collection of floating objects in the water surface of small waters, and has a broad application prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X52;U674.2

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本文編號：2019676