本文選題：船用鋼板 + 激光加工�。� 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：艦船是人類(lèi)開(kāi)發(fā)和利用海洋的最重要的工具,其使用中遇到的最大的問(wèn)題是不可避免地遭受海洋生物的附著。傳統(tǒng)的抗附著涂料利用有毒重金屬離子的釋放來(lái)消除附著生物,嚴(yán)重地污染環(huán)境。仿生學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在海洋中生活的大多數(shù)生物依據(jù)其特殊的表面形貌能夠抵制多種海洋生物的附著�！磅忯~(yú)皮”效應(yīng)打破了人們對(duì)于粗糙表面不具有抗附著性能的傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn),為超疏水表面在抗附著領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用奠定了基礎(chǔ)。該方式從生物抗附著的機(jī)理出發(fā),不存在毒性物質(zhì)的釋放損耗問(wèn)題,具有廣譜性和高效性。 本文以應(yīng)用最為廣泛的Q235A級(jí)船用鋼板為研究對(duì)象,將激光加工與納米粒子涂覆相結(jié)合,構(gòu)筑仿生微納雙層結(jié)構(gòu)制備超疏水表面。利用靜態(tài)沉浸實(shí)驗(yàn)和動(dòng)態(tài)沖刷實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試其抗海洋生物附著性能,得到如下結(jié)果： 1.利用激光加工在Q235A級(jí)船用鋼板表面構(gòu)筑點(diǎn)陣,直線(xiàn),網(wǎng)格3種微結(jié)構(gòu),并涂裝防銹漆。利用正交實(shí)驗(yàn)研究不同稀釋比例、噴涂距離及噴涂時(shí)間對(duì)防銹漆膜厚度的影響。結(jié)果顯示,當(dāng)噴涂距離為60mm,噴涂時(shí)間為3s,稀釋比例為4：3時(shí),漆膜厚度達(dá)到31μm。 2.相同間距下,網(wǎng)格試樣接觸角最大,其次是直線(xiàn)試樣,點(diǎn)陣試樣接觸角最小。隨著間距的逐漸增大,點(diǎn)陣試樣的接觸角逐漸減小,滾動(dòng)角逐漸增大；但網(wǎng)格及直線(xiàn)試樣接觸角均先增大后減小,滾動(dòng)角先減小后增大。間距為200μm的網(wǎng)格試樣接觸角可達(dá)156.2°,滾動(dòng)角僅為3.55°。 3.將試樣靜置于實(shí)驗(yàn)室培養(yǎng)的小球藻藻液中進(jìn)行靜態(tài)沉浸實(shí)驗(yàn),15天后取出試樣,利用photoshop中的圖層分色技術(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)小球藻的附著面積。同樣的間距,網(wǎng)格試樣表面附著最少,其次是直線(xiàn)試樣,點(diǎn)陣試樣附著最多。試樣表面疏水性能越強(qiáng),附著量越小。 4.將試樣固定在攪拌器上并放置于海水中以相當(dāng)于船速10節(jié)的線(xiàn)速度旋轉(zhuǎn),測(cè)試試樣表面小球藻的附著強(qiáng)度。結(jié)果表明,具有微結(jié)構(gòu)表面小球藻的附著強(qiáng)度顯著低于拋光表面。且隨表面滾動(dòng)角的減小,脫附比例增大。說(shuō)明制備具有較小的滾動(dòng)角的表面,有助于附著的小球藻脫附,提高表面的抗附著性能。 本研究表明,符合Cassie模型的超疏水表面比符合Wenzel模型的超疏水表面具有更強(qiáng)的抗附著性能。本研究為艦船的抗海洋生物附著提供了新的方法和技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:Ship is the most important tool for human to develop and utilize the ocean.Traditional anti-adhesion coatings use the release of toxic heavy metal ions to eliminate attached organisms and seriously pollute the environment.Bionic studies show that most organisms living in the ocean can resist the adhesion of many marine organisms by their special surface morphology.The "shark skin" effect breaks the traditional view that the rough surface has no anti-adhesion property, and lays a foundation for the application of superhydrophobic surface in the field of anti-adhesion.Based on the mechanism of biological anti-adhesion, there is no problem of release loss of toxic substances in this way, so it has broad spectrum and high efficiency.In this paper, the widely used Q235A marine steel plate is used as the research object. The superhydrophobic surface is prepared by combining laser processing with nano-particles coating and bionic micro-nano bilayer structure.The static immersion experiment and the dynamic scour test were used to test the anti-marine adhesion performance. The results are as follows:1.The surface of Q235A marine steel plate was fabricated by laser processing with three kinds of microstructures, such as lattice, straight line and mesh, and the antirust paint was coated.The effects of different dilution ratio, spraying distance and spraying time on the thickness of antirust paint film were studied by orthogonal experiment.The results show that when the spraying distance is 60 mm, the spraying time is 3 s and the dilution ratio is 4:3, the film thickness reaches 31 渭 m.2.At the same distance, the contact angle of the grid sample is the largest, the linear sample is the next, and the contact angle of the lattice sample is the smallest.With the increasing of the distance, the contact angle and rolling angle of the lattice sample gradually decrease, but the contact angle of the mesh and straight sample increases first and then decreases, and the rolling angle decreases first and then increases.The contact angle of meshes with a spacing of 200 渭 m can reach 156.2 擄and the rolling angle is only 3.55 擄.3.The samples were statically placed in the liquid of Chlorella vulgaris cultured in laboratory for 15 days after static immersion experiment. The adhesion area of Chlorella vulgaris was calculated by using the chromatographic separation technique in photoshop.At the same distance, the surface attachment of the grid specimen is the least, followed by the linear sample and the lattice sample.The stronger the surface hydrophobicity, the smaller the adhesion.4.The specimen was fixed on the agitator and placed in sea water to rotate at a linear speed equal to 10 knots of the ship to test the adhesion strength of Chlorella microphylla on the surface of the sample.The results showed that the adhesion strength of Chlorella vulgaris on microstructured surfaces was significantly lower than that on polished surfaces.The desorption ratio increases with the decrease of surface rolling angle.The results show that the preparation of the surface with small rolling angle is helpful to desorption of the attached Chlorella sp., and the anti-adhesion property of the surface is improved.The results show that the superhydrophobic surface with Cassie model has stronger anti-adhesion performance than the superhydrophobic surface with Wenzel model.This study provides a new method and technical support for ship anti-marine adhesion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U674.70;TG174.4

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