【摘要】：在新型功能高分子材料領(lǐng)域中,聚苯胺(PANI)因為合成工藝簡單,環(huán)境穩(wěn)定性強、摻雜導(dǎo)電率高、優(yōu)異的電化學(xué)可逆性等特性而受到廣泛關(guān)注,同時因其獨特的摻雜-脫摻雜過程,贗電容儲能特性良好,在電極材料等領(lǐng)域極具應(yīng)用價值。在多孔材料領(lǐng)域中,反蛋白石(Inverse opal)結(jié)構(gòu)材料具有縫隙率高、高比表面積、孔徑大小集中及結(jié)構(gòu)三維長程有序等特性,其在膜材料、光子晶體、新型催化劑、吸附材料及電極材料等領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)展示出十分廣闊的應(yīng)用前景,也越來越多的研究者們開始注重如何制備出兼具導(dǎo)電高分子和納米材料的微觀三維有序結(jié)構(gòu)聚苯胺及復(fù)合材料。本論文圍繞制備具有特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的導(dǎo)電聚合物及其復(fù)合材料來展開,以Si O2微球和Si O2微球模板為基礎(chǔ),采用溶液法制備了核殼結(jié)構(gòu)Si O2-PANI、蛋白石結(jié)構(gòu)Si O2-PANI及其去球后的多孔PANI和反蛋白石結(jié)構(gòu)PANI,對所得產(chǎn)品進行了結(jié)構(gòu)的分析和性能研究。主要研究內(nèi)容及結(jié)果如下:①研究采用經(jīng)過改進的St?ber法成功地制備出尺寸均一、單分散性好的Si O2微球,探索了制備360nm Si O2微球的工藝條件,對微球進行改性及后續(xù)模板的組裝得到蛋白石模板�；诙趸栉⑶蚝蚐i O2微球模板,本文分別采用溶液法制備核殼(core-shell)結(jié)構(gòu)Si O2-PANI和蛋白石(opal)結(jié)構(gòu)Si O2-PANI的復(fù)合材料,對制備條件進行了探討,并對復(fù)合材料進行了HF酸去球處理,得到多孔結(jié)構(gòu)聚苯胺(porous PANI和反蛋白石結(jié)構(gòu)聚苯胺(inverse opal PANI,IO-PANI),采用紅外光譜(FT-IR)、X-射線衍射(XRD)、四探針電導(dǎo)率儀、掃描電鏡(SEM)、透射電鏡(TEM)、CV曲線和充放電等測試方法對Si O2-PANI(core-shell)、Si O2-PANI(opal)及其去球后的porous PANI和IO-PANI進行了結(jié)構(gòu)、形貌以及電化學(xué)性能的表征。②研究發(fā)現(xiàn)采用離心沉積組裝模板效果最好,實驗均在1 mol L-1 HCl,摩爾比nAPS:nAn=1:1條件下進行,對于核殼結(jié)構(gòu)Si O2-PANI隨著mPANI:mSi O2的增大,核殼結(jié)構(gòu)Si O2-PANI電導(dǎo)率從1.7S cm-1逐步增大11.3S cm-1,除去Si O2微球后發(fā)現(xiàn)porous PANI電導(dǎo)率變化并不是很明顯;對于蛋白石結(jié)構(gòu)的PANI/Si O2復(fù)合材料,在苯胺濃度為0.4mol/L時,蛋白石結(jié)構(gòu)的PANI/Si O2到達最高27.4 S cm-1,除去Si O2微球以后導(dǎo)電率大幅度下降�？梢缘玫匠醪浇Y(jié)論,聚苯胺微觀結(jié)構(gòu)的有序性直接影響著材料的導(dǎo)電性能,去除Si O2微球后無序的的孔結(jié)構(gòu)以及結(jié)構(gòu)的塌陷都會降低材料整體的導(dǎo)電性。③在聚苯胺電化學(xué)測試中同一掃描速率下Si O2/PANI(opal)和IO-PANI材料展現(xiàn)出更為優(yōu)異的電化學(xué)活性和更大的電容性能;從0.2 A g-1到5 A g-1,相比于核殼Si O2-PANI(core-shell)、Si O2-PANI(opal)、porous PANI及PANI等復(fù)合材料,IO-PANI比電容達到375F g-1(0.2A g-1)遠遠超過其他材料,且在增大到5 A g-1過程中,IO-PANI和Si O2/PANI(opal)的比電容相比于其他材料具有更高的保留率。
[Abstract]:In the field of new functional polymer materials, Polyphenylamine (PANI) has been widely concerned because of its simple synthesis process, strong environmental stability, high doping conductivity, excellent electrochemical reversibility and so on. At the same time, due to its unique doping-de-doping process, the pseudo-capacitance energy storage characteristics are good, so it has great application value in electrode materials and other fields. In the field of porous materials, anti-opal (Inverse opal) structural materials have the characteristics of high slit fraction, high specific surface area, concentrated pore size and three-dimensional long-range order of structure, which are used in membrane materials, photonic crystals and new catalysts. Adsorption materials and electrode materials have shown very broad application prospects, and more researchers began to pay attention to how to prepare microscopic three-dimensional ordered Polyaniline and composites with both conductive polymers and nanomaterials. In this paper, the preparation of conductive polymers and their composites with special structure was carried out. Based on the template of Si O _ 2 microspheres and Si O _ 2 microspheres, the core-shell structure Si O _ 2 鈮，

本文編號：2483826