【摘要】：碳納米材料是近年來材料領(lǐng)域中廣受關(guān)注的一類新型材料，包括碳納米管、石墨烯等。本文以具有共軛碳-碳本征結(jié)構(gòu)的碳納米管、石墨烯及石墨烯量子點等為起始物，借助電化學(xué)等方法對其進行表面改性、組裝，制備了缺陷碳納米管、石墨烯納米球并基于此結(jié)構(gòu)實現(xiàn)了其在電容器等方面的應(yīng)用。研究成果如下： 1.借助電化學(xué)循環(huán)伏安法(CV),在超長碳納米管表面引入含氧官能團及物理缺陷，為電化學(xué)過程提供豐富活性位點。這一簡便方法不僅改善碳納米管的疏水性，而且表現(xiàn)出比未處理的碳納米管高10倍的電容量。證明電化學(xué)方法可作為一種高效的活化碳納米管表面活性的方法。 2.基于缺陷碳納米管陣列，采用電化學(xué)沉積法，構(gòu)建了碳納米管/聚吡咯復(fù)合納米結(jié)構(gòu)。缺陷碳納米管表面的缺陷為吡咯單體進入碳納米管內(nèi)部提供了通道，使得聚吡咯可以分布在碳納米管的內(nèi)壁以及外表面。復(fù)合納米結(jié)構(gòu)具有高達587F g-1的電容量。 3.為研究石墨烯量子點的組裝行為，探索其在儲能器件方面的應(yīng)用前景，通過電化學(xué)沉積的方法，制備了石墨烯量子點/碳納米管陣列復(fù)合物。經(jīng)過電沉積后的碳納米管表面包覆了類似碳膜的具有納米孔洞的結(jié)構(gòu)。復(fù)合物具有44mF cm-2的電容值，是未經(jīng)處理的碳納米管陣列電極的2倍。 4.為進一步研究石墨烯量子點的自組裝行為，探索電化學(xué)條件下的組裝過程，本文通過負電位電沉積，實現(xiàn)了由石墨烯量子點到石墨烯納米球的轉(zhuǎn)變。研究了納米球的形成機理以及反應(yīng)條件的影響，并初步探索了其在超級電容器方面的應(yīng)用。 5.為拓展碳納米材料在儲能器件方面的應(yīng)用范圍，適應(yīng)柔性器件的發(fā)展趨勢，，本文基于激光定位還原氧化石墨烯纖維，構(gòu)建了柔性單纖維集成的全纖維電容器。該纖維具備良好的柔性、電容量，并可用于可編織電子器件等。
[Abstract]:Carbon nanomaterials are a kind of new materials which have attracted much attention in the field of materials in recent years, including carbon nanotubes, graphene and so on. In this paper, carbon nanotubes with conjugated carbon-carbon intrinsic structure, graphene and graphene quantum dots as starting materials were modified and assembled by electrochemical methods to prepare defective carbon nanotubes. Graphene nanosphere and its application in capacitors are realized based on this structure. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The introduction of oxygen-containing functional groups and physical defects on the surface of ultra-long carbon nanotubes by electrochemical cyclic Voltammetric method (CV),) provides a wealth of active sites for electrochemical processes. This simple method not only improves the hydrophobicity of CNT, but also shows a capacitance of 10 times higher than that of untreated CNT. It is proved that electrochemical method can be used as an efficient method to activate the surface activity of carbon nanotubes. 2. Based on the defective carbon nanotube array, the carbon nanotube / polypyrrole composite nanostructure was constructed by electrochemical deposition. The defects on the surface of the defective carbon nanotube provide a channel for the polypyrrole monomer to enter the carbon nanotube, so that polypyrrole can be distributed on the inner wall and the outer surface of the carbon nanotube. The composite nanostructure has a capacitance of up to 587F g 鈮

本文編號：2483823