【摘要】：半導體金屬氧化物在氣敏領域有重要的應用價值。由于單一金屬氧化物基氣敏材料存在著工作溫度高、選擇性低等缺點，因而限制了它們在檢測某些有毒物質方面的應用。目前，金屬氧化物氣體傳感器的報道主要集中于對COx、H2及NOx等氣體的檢測，而對易揮發(fā)性有機物，尤其是低溫下對低濃度的有機揮發(fā)性氣體的研究較少。因此，合成新型氣敏材料用于低溫下檢測低濃度易揮發(fā)性有毒有害物質具有重要現實意義。 基于金屬氧化物氣敏材料現存的問題和研究背景，本論文合成了不同形貌的納米氧化鋅及石墨烯摻雜納米氧化鋅和納米二氧化錫顆粒的復合材料，研究了材料的形貌、結構及石墨烯的摻雜量對其氣敏性能的影響，得到系列可用于檢測有機揮發(fā)性物質的有價值數據，主要內容和結論如下： （1）利用水熱法，制備出了形貌可控的納米氧化鋅，考察了其對多種揮發(fā)性有機物的氣敏特性。結果表明，形貌對氧化鋅的氣敏性有很大影響。具有長徑比的柱狀的氧化鋅在100oC下對三乙胺有很好的靈敏度和選擇性，而片層狀的氧化鋅對乙醛有很好的響應。 （2）一步水熱法制備了石墨烯摻雜柱形氧化鋅納米復合材料，考察了石墨烯的摻雜量對材料氣敏性能的影響。結果表明，石墨烯的摻雜量對復合材料的氣敏性產生了很大影響，氧化鋅/石墨烯復合材料對乙二醇等揮發(fā)性有機物的響應和選擇性明顯優(yōu)于純氧化鋅，當石墨烯的摻雜量為1.2wt.%時，復合材料對乙二醇的氣敏性達到最高，表明柱形氧化鋅經過適量石墨烯修飾，可以有效地應用于檢測低濃度揮發(fā)性的乙二醇。 （3）采用水熱法制備了石墨烯摻雜錐尖形納米氧化鋅復合材料，研究了復合材料的結構、形貌及其氣敏性能。闡述了石墨烯摻雜量對氣敏性影響的機理。結果表明，相比純納米氧化鋅，這種石墨烯摻雜氧化鋅復合材料對乙醇胺的氣敏響應大大增加，且當石墨烯的摻雜量為0.25wt.%時，復合材料對乙醇胺表現出最佳的氣敏特性。 （4）水熱法制備了石墨烯摻雜二氧化錫納米復合材料，并對其氣敏性進行了研究。結果表明：石墨烯的引入可以提高二氧化錫材料的氣敏性，復合材料的氣敏性均優(yōu)于純二氧化錫，在120oC條件下，石墨烯的摻雜量為0.6wt.%的復合材料對甲醛表現出最佳的氣敏性能。
[Abstract]:And the semiconductor metal oxide has important application value in the field of gas sensitive. The single metal oxide-based gas-sensitive material has the disadvantages of high operating temperature, low selectivity and the like, thereby limiting the application of the single metal oxide-based gas-sensitive material in the detection of certain toxic substances. At present, the report of the metal oxide gas sensor is mainly focused on the detection of the gas such as COx, H2 and NOx, and the low-concentration organic volatile gas is low in the volatile organic matter, especially at low temperature. Therefore, the synthesis of a new type of gas-sensitive material is of great practical significance for detecting low-concentration volatile and toxic and harmful substances at low temperature. Based on the existing problems and research background of the metal oxide gas-sensitive material, the composite materials of the nano-zinc oxide and the graphene-doped nano-zinc oxide and the nano-tin oxide particles with different shapes are synthesized and the shape of the material is studied. The influence of the doping amount of the appearance, the structure and the graphene on the gas-sensitive property, and the obtained series can be used for detecting the valuable data, the main contents and the conclusions of the organic volatile substances, such as Next: (1) The water heat method was used to prepare the nano-sized nano-particles with controllable morphology. Zinc oxide, which is used to study the gas of many kinds of volatile organic compounds The results show that the appearance of zinc oxide is sensitive to the gas-sensitive property of zinc oxide. The large-diameter zinc oxide has good sensitivity and selectivity to triethylamine at 100oC, and the lamellar zinc oxide has good effect on acetaldehyde. and (2) preparing a graphene-doped cylindrical zinc oxide nano composite material by a one-step water thermal method, The results show that the doping amount of the graphene has a great influence on the gas-sensitive property of the composite material, the response and the selectivity of the zinc oxide/ graphene composite material to the volatile organic matters such as ethylene glycol are obviously superior to the pure zinc oxide, and when the doping amount of the graphene is When 1. 2wt.%, the gas sensitivity of the composite to the ethylene glycol reaches the highest, indicating that the cylindrical zinc oxide is modified by a proper amount of graphene and can be effectively applied to the detection of the low-concentration volatilization. (3) The graphene-doped cone-shaped nano-zinc oxide composite was prepared by hydrothermal method, and the structure and shape of the composite were studied. Appearance and gas-sensitive properties of graphene are described. The amount of graphene doping is described. The results show that the gas-sensitive response of the graphene-doped zinc oxide composite to the ethanolamine is greatly increased compared with the pure nano-zinc oxide, and when the doping amount of the graphene in that case of 0. 25wt.%, the composite material showed that ethanolamine and (4) preparing the graphene-doped tin dioxide nano composite material by the water thermal method, and the graphene-doped tin dioxide nano composite material The results show that the introduction of the graphene can improve the gas sensitivity of the tin dioxide material, the gas sensitivity of the composite material is better than that of the pure tin dioxide, and under the condition of 120oC, the graphene the formaldehyde table of the composite material with the doping amount of 0. 6wt.%
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB383.1

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