MOF基碳復(fù)合材料的設(shè)計、制備及其儲鋰性能研究
發(fā)布時間:2018-11-07 13:50
【摘要】:隨著能源和環(huán)境問題的日益突出,開發(fā)環(huán)境友好、能量密度高、循環(huán)壽命長、安全系數(shù)高的儲能電子器件成為各國學(xué)者研究的熱點。與傳統(tǒng)的商業(yè)石墨相比,碳基復(fù)合材料作為電池的電極材料時具有較好導(dǎo)電能力、良好的機械性能以及較高的理論比容量和能量密度,目前,已經(jīng)被廣泛的應(yīng)用在儲能領(lǐng)域中。本文以金屬有機結(jié)構(gòu)框架(MOFs)作為模板,制備多孔碳基復(fù)合材料,研究其作為電極材料在鋰離子電池和鋰硫電池中的儲鋰性能。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),氮摻雜多孔碳材料具有較好的電化學(xué)性能,如較穩(wěn)定的循環(huán)性能,良好的倍率性能等。本文主要工作歸納為以下三個部分:(1)以正十二面體核殼結(jié)構(gòu)的ZIF8@ZIF67為前驅(qū)體,在氬氣氣氛中800℃碳化3 h后得到雙金屬嵌入的氮摻雜多面體碳納米籠,并表現(xiàn)出良好的電化學(xué)性質(zhì)。在電流密度為200 mA g~(-1)時,其首圈放電比容量可達到809 mA h g~(-1),充放電循環(huán)400圈之后,其放電比容量仍能保持在702 mA h g~(-1)。此外,當(dāng)電流密度高達2 A g~(-1),放電比容量仍能保持在444 mA h g~(-1)。如此優(yōu)異的電化學(xué)性質(zhì)主要歸因于雙金屬的嵌入提高了結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性;氮原子的摻雜帶來了更多的活性位點以及空心結(jié)構(gòu)可以緩沖充放電過程中的體積膨脹。(2)以傳統(tǒng)的ZIF8為前驅(qū)體,在氬氣氣氛下通過改變碳化溫度,制備出不同含氮量和比表面積的多孔氮摻雜碳復(fù)合材料并以此作為單質(zhì)硫的載體。當(dāng)碳/硫復(fù)合物作為鋰硫電池的正極材料時,經(jīng)研究表明,在800℃的條件下高溫碳化后所制備的碳材料作為載體時,表現(xiàn)出最為優(yōu)異的電化學(xué)性能。當(dāng)復(fù)合物中單質(zhì)硫的含量為55%,電流密度為800 mA g~(-1)時,其首圈的放電比容量可高達1646 mA h g~(-1),已經(jīng)接近了單質(zhì)硫的理論放電比容量,充放電循環(huán)400圈后,充放電比容量仍能夠保持在600 mA h g~(-1)而庫倫效率仍能接近100%。該復(fù)合材料較為突出的電化學(xué)性能主要歸因于合適的氮含量以及比表面積相互協(xié)同。(3)以ZIF8@ZIF67為前驅(qū)體,室溫下將前驅(qū)體與磷酸二氫銨按不同比例混合并研磨,在適當(dāng)?shù)谋壤潞藲そY(jié)構(gòu)的前驅(qū)體逐漸變換為Yolk-shell結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合材料,在合適的溫度下碳化制備卵黃結(jié)構(gòu)的多孔氮摻雜碳復(fù)合材料,并在鋰硫電池中表現(xiàn)出了較為優(yōu)異的電化學(xué)性質(zhì)。電化學(xué)測試結(jié)果表明,復(fù)合物中單質(zhì)硫含量為60%,電流密度為800 mA g~(-1)時,其首圈充放電比容量可以達到921 mA h g~(-1),充放電循環(huán)200圈之后,其放電比容量仍能達到600 mA h g~(-1)。該復(fù)合材料展現(xiàn)出優(yōu)異的循環(huán)性能和倍率性能等儲鋰性能。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly prominent energy and environmental problems, the development of environment-friendly, high energy density, long cycle life, high safety factor energy storage electronic devices have become a hot spot in the world. Compared with traditional commercial graphite, carbon matrix composites have good conductivity, good mechanical properties and high theoretical specific capacity and energy density when used as electrode materials of batteries. At present, carbon matrix composites have been widely used in the field of energy storage. In this paper, porous carbon matrix composites were prepared by using organometallic framework (MOFs) as template, and their lithium storage properties in lithium-ion batteries and lithium-sulfur batteries were investigated as electrode materials. It is found that nitrogen doped porous carbon materials have good electrochemical performance, such as stable cycling performance and good rate performance. The main work of this paper is summarized as follows: (1) with the ZIF8@ZIF67 structure of dodecahedral core-shell structure as the precursor, after carbonization at 800 鈩,
本文編號:2316557
[Abstract]:With the increasingly prominent energy and environmental problems, the development of environment-friendly, high energy density, long cycle life, high safety factor energy storage electronic devices have become a hot spot in the world. Compared with traditional commercial graphite, carbon matrix composites have good conductivity, good mechanical properties and high theoretical specific capacity and energy density when used as electrode materials of batteries. At present, carbon matrix composites have been widely used in the field of energy storage. In this paper, porous carbon matrix composites were prepared by using organometallic framework (MOFs) as template, and their lithium storage properties in lithium-ion batteries and lithium-sulfur batteries were investigated as electrode materials. It is found that nitrogen doped porous carbon materials have good electrochemical performance, such as stable cycling performance and good rate performance. The main work of this paper is summarized as follows: (1) with the ZIF8@ZIF67 structure of dodecahedral core-shell structure as the precursor, after carbonization at 800 鈩,
本文編號:2316557
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