發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-29 18:05

【摘要】：碳纖維復(fù)合材料的廣泛應(yīng)用,使得復(fù)合材料無損檢測技術(shù)的意義更為凸顯。無損檢測技術(shù)是在不破壞被檢測對(duì)象的前提下,直接檢測產(chǎn)品內(nèi)部缺陷,并且可在產(chǎn)品的各個(gè)制造階段使用,是產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量控制的重要手段。但傳統(tǒng)的復(fù)合材料超聲無損檢測手段對(duì)底波的依賴,使得超聲波無損檢測的推廣出現(xiàn)了較大的局限性,特別是對(duì)于復(fù)雜形狀和厚截面復(fù)合材料,這一問題更加突出。本文針對(duì)碳纖維復(fù)合材料超聲檢測信號(hào)的處理做了深入而廣泛的研究,提出了基于遞歸分析的復(fù)合材料缺陷超聲無損檢測新方法,并通過試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了方法的有效性。具體內(nèi)容包含以下幾項(xiàng)工作:(1)詳細(xì)分析復(fù)合材料缺陷超聲檢測技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀及存在的問題和不足,對(duì)各種超聲無損檢測和信號(hào)分析方法的特點(diǎn)及適用情況進(jìn)行了研究,在此基礎(chǔ)上,引入基于超聲背散射信號(hào)分析的碳纖維復(fù)合材料缺陷檢測方法,并對(duì)背散射信號(hào)進(jìn)行深入的研究分析。(2)研究遞歸分析相關(guān)理論,在此基礎(chǔ)上建立起遞歸圖與材料缺陷之間的聯(lián)系。圍繞超聲波在復(fù)合材料中傳播的非線性特性,結(jié)合碳纖維復(fù)合材料超聲無損檢測的現(xiàn)有技術(shù)以及金相觀察試驗(yàn),研究了超聲檢測信號(hào)的遞歸分析及缺陷特征提取方法,提出了基于超聲回波背散射信號(hào)遞歸分析的超聲無損檢測方法。(3)為了更精確的獲取檢測信號(hào)中的信息,引入遞歸定量分析方法。借助碳纖維復(fù)合材料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試塊,驗(yàn)證了遞歸分析用于碳纖維復(fù)合材料超聲無損檢測的可行性,并選擇了兩個(gè)常用的遞歸量化分析指標(biāo):確定率和遞歸熵,通過曲線擬合獲得了樣本材料中孔隙率與量化指標(biāo)之間的關(guān)系。進(jìn)一步地,使用評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)對(duì)未知碳纖維試塊進(jìn)行檢測,并對(duì)比金相觀察結(jié)果,驗(yàn)證遞歸分析能否有效用于碳纖維復(fù)合材料缺陷檢測。(4)開發(fā)了一套超聲無損檢測軟件。研究了 MATLAB和LabVIEW聯(lián)合開發(fā)的方法,以此為基礎(chǔ)開發(fā)了超聲測試系統(tǒng)軟件。軟件不僅包含檢測信號(hào)采集、顯示以及存儲(chǔ)等基本功能,還具有小波時(shí)頻分析、譜分析、遞歸分析等多種檢測信號(hào)處理功能。
[Abstract]:With the wide application of carbon fiber composites, the significance of nondestructive testing technology is more prominent. Non-destructive testing (NDT) is an important means of product quality control, which directly detects the internal defects of the products without destroying the detected objects and can be used in all manufacturing stages of the products. However, the traditional ultrasonic nondestructive testing method of composite materials depends on the bottom wave, which makes the popularization of ultrasonic nondestructive testing appear great limitation, especially for the composite materials with complex shape and thick section, this problem is more prominent. In this paper, a new ultrasonic nondestructive testing method for composite defects based on recursive analysis is proposed, and the validity of the method is verified by experiments. The specific contents include the following work: (1) the status quo, problems and shortcomings of ultrasonic testing technology for composite defects are analyzed in detail, and the characteristics and application of various ultrasonic nondestructive testing and signal analysis methods are studied. On this basis, the defect detection method of carbon fiber composites based on ultrasonic backscattering signal analysis is introduced, and the backscattering signal is deeply studied. (2) the related theory of recursive analysis is studied. On this basis, the relation between recursion diagram and material defect is established. According to the nonlinear characteristics of ultrasonic wave propagation in composite materials, combined with the existing ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology and metallographic observation test of carbon fiber composites, the recursive analysis and defect feature extraction method of ultrasonic testing signals are studied. A method of ultrasonic nondestructive testing based on recursive analysis of ultrasonic echo backscattering signal is proposed. (3) in order to obtain more accurate information from the detection signal, a recursive quantitative analysis method is introduced. The feasibility of using recursive analysis for ultrasonic nondestructive testing of carbon fiber composites is verified by using standard carbon fiber composite test blocks. Two commonly used recursive quantitative analysis indexes are selected: determination rate and recursive entropy. The relationship between porosity and quantitative index was obtained by curve fitting. Furthermore, the unknown carbon fiber samples are detected by using evaluation indexes, and the results of metallographic observation are compared to verify whether recursive analysis can be effectively used for defect detection of carbon fiber composites. (4) A set of ultrasonic nondestructive testing software is developed. The method of joint development of MATLAB and LabVIEW is studied, and the software of ultrasonic testing system is developed. The software not only includes the basic functions of signal acquisition, display and storage, but also has the functions of wavelet time-frequency analysis, spectrum analysis, recursive analysis and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB302.5;TB33

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