【摘要】：本論文利用了三種不同的納米材料構(gòu)建了三種光譜傳感器,把納米材料作為比色或熒光探針,并結(jié)合酶催化法、紫外可見光譜法以及熒光猝滅法等方法對(duì)環(huán)境中常見的危險(xiǎn)物質(zhì)(汞離子、有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥)進(jìn)行了定量分析。該類方法操作簡單,檢測(cè)快速,靈敏度高,為納米材料在危險(xiǎn)物質(zhì)的定量檢測(cè)方面提供了一些新的思路。具體內(nèi)容總結(jié)如下:闡述了銀納米粒子、石墨烯量子點(diǎn)、金納米簇、四氧化三鐵這幾種納米材料的發(fā)展、其常見的合成方法以及在分析化學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用研究;介紹了幾種檢測(cè)對(duì)象的用途、現(xiàn)狀;展望了納米材料結(jié)合分子光譜法在分析檢測(cè)領(lǐng)域的一些動(dòng)向。利用硼氫化鈉還原硝酸銀的方法制備了檸檬酸鈉保護(hù)的銀納米粒子。利用紫外-可見光譜、透射電子顯微鏡和能量彌散X射線能譜等表征手段對(duì)合成的銀納米粒子的形貌及其在反應(yīng)前后的聚散程度進(jìn)行表征。(1)乙酰膽堿酯酶催化底物硫代乙酰膽堿水解產(chǎn)生的硫代膽堿可以和銀納米粒子結(jié)合使其聚集;(2)這種變化會(huì)反應(yīng)在體系溶液的顏色上,銀納米溶液由亮黃色變成粉紅色;(3)有機(jī)磷或氨基甲酸酯農(nóng)藥能使乙酰膽堿酯酶變性失活,從而抑制這一變化的發(fā)生。依據(jù)此原理對(duì)有機(jī)磷或氨基甲酸酯農(nóng)藥的含量進(jìn)行測(cè)定。通過將檸檬酸在200?C下熱解合成了石墨烯量子點(diǎn),在450 nm處可以發(fā)出藍(lán)色熒光。(1)通過靜電作用,帶正電的汞離子會(huì)吸附在帶負(fù)電的石墨烯量子點(diǎn)表面誘導(dǎo)其聚集,同時(shí)通過電荷轉(zhuǎn)移使其熒光猝滅;(2)繼續(xù)加入半胱氨酸后,汞離子會(huì)與其通過金屬巰基鍵結(jié)合從而脫離石墨烯量子點(diǎn)表面,熒光恢復(fù)。因此根據(jù)以上熒光先猝滅后增強(qiáng)的變化可以構(gòu)建一個(gè)依次檢測(cè)汞離子和半胱氨酸的高靈敏熒光傳感器。我們將磁性四氧化三鐵和金納米簇結(jié)合,合成了一種磁性的熒光納米復(fù)合材料,四氧化三鐵的核被包裹在一層二氧化硅中,外表面再修飾上一層氨基;將牛血清白蛋白保護(hù)的金納米簇進(jìn)行羧基活化;通過肽鍵,它們可以結(jié)合在一起并形成一種交聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)。6-巰基嘌呤會(huì)吸附在金納米簇的表面并誘導(dǎo)其聚集產(chǎn)生更大的金納米粒子,破壞這種交聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)熒光猝滅。根據(jù)此原理可以構(gòu)建一個(gè)6-巰基嘌呤的熒光傳感器。本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下:1.利用了3種不同類別的納米材料對(duì)一些環(huán)境中的危險(xiǎn)物質(zhì)及藥物進(jìn)行了定量檢測(cè),都取得了非常理想的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,具有很高的靈敏度和較好的選擇性;2.構(gòu)建的定量方法相對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的檢測(cè)方法操作簡單、檢測(cè)快速,具有更強(qiáng)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用能力;3.通過先猝滅后增強(qiáng)的熒光“On-Off-On”體系構(gòu)建了同時(shí)檢測(cè)汞離子和半胱氨酸的雙傳感器;4.結(jié)合理論,自行構(gòu)建了納米復(fù)合材料的合成方法,成功將金納米簇和四氧化三鐵納米粒子兩種納米材料的性質(zhì)整合到一起,大大提高了檢測(cè)效率。
[Abstract]:In this paper, three kinds of spectrum sensors were constructed by using three different nanomaterials, which were used as colorimetric or fluorescent probes, and combined with enzymatic catalysis. UV-Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence quenching methods were used to quantitatively analyze the common hazardous substances (mercury ions, organophosphorus pesticides) in the environment. This method is simple in operation, rapid in detection and high in sensitivity. It provides some new ideas for quantitative detection of hazardous substances by nanomaterials. The specific contents are summarized as follows: the development of silver nanoparticles, graphene quantum dots, gold nanoclusters, iron trioxide, their common synthesis methods and their applications in analytical chemistry are reviewed. The applications and present situation of several detection objects are introduced, and some trends of nanomaterials combined with molecular spectroscopy in the field of analysis and detection are prospected. Silver nanoparticles protected by sodium citrate were prepared by reducing silver nitrate by sodium borohydride. Using the UV-Vis spectrum, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the morphology of the synthesized silver nanoparticles and their degree of dispersion before and after the reaction. (1) acetylcholinesterase catalyzed the hydrolysis of thioacetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase. The resulting thiocholine can be combined with silver nanoparticles to aggregate it; (2) this change is reflected in the color of the solution. Silver nanoparticles changed from bright yellow to pink. (3) organophosphorus or carbamate pesticides could deactivate acetylcholinesterase and inhibit this change. According to this principle, the content of organophosphorus or carbamate pesticides was determined. Graphene quantum dots were synthesized by pyrolysis of citric acid at 200C, and blue fluorescence could be emitted at 450 nm. (1) by electrostatic action, positively charged mercury ions would be adsorbed on the surface of negatively charged graphene quantum dots to induce their aggregation. At the same time, the fluorescence was quenched by charge transfer. (2) after the addition of cysteine, mercury ions would bind to the surface of graphene quantum dots through metal sulfhydryl bonds, and the fluorescence would recover. Therefore, a highly sensitive fluorescence sensor for the detection of mercury ion and cysteine can be constructed according to the changes of fluorescence quenching and then enhancement. A kind of magnetic fluorescent nanocomposites was synthesized by combining magnetic ferric oxide with gold nanoclusters. The core of Fe _ 2O _ 3 was encapsulated in a layer of silica, and the outer surface was modified with a layer of amino. The bovine serum albumin protected gold nanoclusters are activated by carboxyl groups; by peptide bonds, they can bind together and form a cross-linking structure. 6-mercaptopurine adsorbs on the surface of the gold nanoclusters and induces their aggregation to produce larger gold nanoparticles. The crosslinking structure was destroyed and the fluorescence quenching was carried out at the same time. According to this principle, a 6-mercaptopurine fluorescence sensor can be constructed. The innovations of this paper are as follows: 1. Three different kinds of nanomaterials were used to quantitatively detect some dangerous substances and drugs in the environment. All of them obtained very ideal experimental results with high sensitivity and good selectivity. 2. Compared with the traditional detection method, the quantitative method constructed is simple, rapid and has stronger practical application ability. 3. A double sensor for the simultaneous detection of mercury and cysteine was constructed by quenching and then enhancing the fluorescence "On-Off-On" system. 4. Combining with the theory, the synthesis method of nanocomposites was constructed, and the properties of gold nanoclusters and iron trioxide nanoparticles were successfully integrated together, which greatly improved the detection efficiency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X830;TB383.1

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前7條

1 尚玉;張東;;石墨烯基界面導(dǎo)熱材料的研究現(xiàn)狀[J];功能材料;2013年22期

2 秦琴;華祖林;白雪;;石墨烯修飾電極及其應(yīng)用研究進(jìn)展[J];化工新型材料;2013年09期

3 于偉;謝華清;陳立飛;汪明珠;齊玉;;石墨烯在強(qiáng)化傳熱領(lǐng)域的研究進(jìn)展[J];科技導(dǎo)報(bào);2015年05期

4 孫怡然;楊明軒;于飛;陳君紅;馬杰;;石墨烯氣凝膠吸附劑的制備及其在水處理中的應(yīng)用[J];化學(xué)進(jìn)展;2015年08期

5 薄樂;陳宏;何蒙;張夢(mèng)晗;張晗;勵(lì)建榮;;石墨烯在食品分析中應(yīng)用的研究進(jìn)展[J];食品工業(yè)科技;2014年18期

6 戴炳業(yè);唐清華;胡燕;史修娟;徐志祥;;電化學(xué)生物傳感器在農(nóng)藥殘留檢測(cè)中的應(yīng)用研究進(jìn)展[J];糧油食品科技;2014年04期

7 張靜;馬興;張海濱;高健會(huì);藺婧;;基于石墨烯的電化學(xué)傳感器在食品安全檢測(cè)中的應(yīng)用[J];食品安全質(zhì)量檢測(cè)學(xué)報(bào);2015年02期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前8條

1 馬聰聰;缺陷石墨烯在氣敏傳感器和鋰離子電池中的應(yīng)用[D];北京化工大學(xué);2013年

2 高宇飛;低維納米材料熱輸運(yùn)性能的分子模擬[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2013年

3 吳少玲;氧化石墨烯裝載多柔比星的性能及抗多發(fā)性骨髓瘤細(xì)胞效應(yīng)的研究[D];山東大學(xué);2013年

4 董靜;新型電化學(xué)傳感器對(duì)土壤和水中甲基對(duì)硫磷的檢測(cè)研究[D];山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2013年

5 楊李;大黃素過渡金屬配合物的合成及抗腫瘤活性研究[D];重慶大學(xué);2014年

6 薛瑞;納米材料電化學(xué)傳感界面的構(gòu)建及農(nóng)藥殘留檢測(cè)應(yīng)用[D];北京工業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

7 張二龍;七甲川花菁類熒光小分子IR-780對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的靶向特性及機(jī)制研究[D];第三軍醫(yī)大學(xué);2014年

8 張樂;基于羅丹明和萘酰亞胺的光化學(xué)傳感材料的制備及其性能研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2015年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 楊春麗;基于碳納米材料傳感器對(duì)環(huán)境污染物銀離子和二酚異構(gòu)體的研究[D];西南大學(xué);2013年

2 趙純;基于氧化石墨烯修飾的測(cè)酚生物傳感器的制備[D];河北科技大學(xué);2013年

3 熊燕;基于過渡金屬配合物/碳納米管修飾電極的生物小分子檢測(cè)[D];武漢理工大學(xué);2013年

4 房美;高分散負(fù)載鈀納米金屬催化劑制備及其性能研究[D];北京化工大學(xué);2013年

5 商燕;功能化無機(jī)納米顆粒的合成及金屬離子檢測(cè)中的研究應(yīng)用[D];南昌大學(xué);2013年

6 康世平;納米膜修飾電極在亞硝酸鹽及過氧化氫檢測(cè)中的應(yīng)用研究[D];河南大學(xué);2013年

7 景雁鳳;基于石墨烯復(fù)合物的電化學(xué)生物傳感器的應(yīng)用研究[D];河南工業(yè)大學(xué);2013年

8 翟晨;基于納米材料修飾的乙酰膽堿酯酶生物傳感器的研究[D];山東理工大學(xué);2013年

9 李文華;基于DNA為模板金屬納米簇的新型熒光生物傳感方法[D];湖南大學(xué);2013年

10 尚昆;禽白血病病毒高靈敏電化學(xué)檢測(cè)與致病菌高效控制技術(shù)研究[D];山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號(hào)：2294031