兼具電磁屏蔽與聲隱身功能的柔性復(fù)合陽(yáng)極材料
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-27 06:06
【摘要】：鋼材腐蝕是造成大規(guī)�；A(chǔ)設(shè)施耐久性嚴(yán)重劣化的主要原因,強(qiáng)制電流陰極防護(hù)是目前能夠主動(dòng)控制金屬材料腐蝕的重要措施,陰極腐蝕防護(hù)系統(tǒng)中陽(yáng)極材料的老化嚴(yán)重影響腐蝕防護(hù)效果,此外重要民用設(shè)施和特殊軍事工程迫切需要發(fā)展具有電磁和聲隱身性能的陰極腐蝕控制系統(tǒng)。為此,本文研制了電子與離子共導(dǎo)電、電磁屏蔽與聲隱身的柔性多功能復(fù)合陽(yáng)極材料。首先,根據(jù)柔性、分散均勻性和成型難易程度指標(biāo),確定出基體中成分A和B的5種理想配比。進(jìn)而對(duì)5種所確定的基體復(fù)合材料進(jìn)行了拉伸和壓縮性能測(cè)試。結(jié)果表明基體材料的極限拉伸率高達(dá)88%,表明材料有優(yōu)異的拉伸性能。極限拉應(yīng)力受成分A和B兩者摻量影響,兩者用量越接近極限拉應(yīng)力值越大,當(dāng)用量相同時(shí)(即配比為10:4:4),極限拉應(yīng)力最大為2.16 k Pa。利用數(shù)字圖像相關(guān)法得到材料受壓時(shí)的應(yīng)力與應(yīng)變關(guān)系曲線,隨著應(yīng)變的增加,應(yīng)力與應(yīng)變的比值逐漸減小,蠕變明顯。A和B用量相等時(shí),兩者之間的粘結(jié)作用較好,對(duì)基體材料性能的提高有較大的貢獻(xiàn)。其次,對(duì)復(fù)合材料的離子導(dǎo)電性進(jìn)行了測(cè)試。利用A的空間網(wǎng)狀和B的層間結(jié)構(gòu),基于混凝土電通量測(cè)試原理,采用飽水的砂漿板作為對(duì)比試件,對(duì)5種不同配比的陽(yáng)極材料試樣在電遷移作用下氯離子的穿透能力進(jìn)行了測(cè)試。結(jié)果表明所研制材料的電通量約是砂漿板的2倍,氯離子穿透性?xún)?yōu)于砂漿板,配比為10:3:5的2#基體離子滲透性最優(yōu),電通量最大值為369.456C。隨著B(niǎo)所占的比例增加,氯離子的滲透性也相應(yīng)提高。利用分子動(dòng)力學(xué)揭示了A和B的相互作用,以及基體對(duì)氯離子作用,并得到了氯離子在基體中的擴(kuò)散系數(shù)。再次,通過(guò)添加碳纖維、碳黑和碳納米管多尺度碳基材料,增強(qiáng)陽(yáng)極復(fù)合材料的電子導(dǎo)電性。在配比為10:3:5的最優(yōu)離子導(dǎo)電性的2#基體上,摻加0%~8%(%為碳基材料占A和B總質(zhì)量的百分比)的多尺度碳基材料,采用四電極法對(duì)復(fù)合材料的滲流曲線進(jìn)行測(cè)試,結(jié)果表明其電阻率隨著碳基材料含量的增加而整體下降,碳基材料在2.4%-2.8%之間電阻率出現(xiàn)由21.077Ω?m至2.247Ω?m的突降,碳基材料摻量的進(jìn)一步增加對(duì)電阻率下降的沒(méi)有顯著貢獻(xiàn),進(jìn)而確定出2.8%為碳基材料的經(jīng)濟(jì)摻量。然后對(duì)2#基體材料、在2#基體中添加2.8%碳基材料和在碳基材料經(jīng)濟(jì)摻量基礎(chǔ)上單面鋪設(shè)碳納米紙3種情況,利用波導(dǎo)管法分別測(cè)定了其在3.22-18GHz頻段的電磁屏蔽效能(SE),結(jié)果表明碳基材料摻量為2.8%的陽(yáng)極材料具有較高的SE,最高可達(dá)100d B。最后,利用波導(dǎo)管法對(duì)所確定H2O、A、B配比為10:3:4、10:3:5、10:4:3、10:4:4、10:4:5的5種基體材料進(jìn)行了吸聲性能測(cè)試,在560-600Hz的頻段的吸聲系數(shù)達(dá)0.2以上,其余頻段吸聲系數(shù)較低,僅為0.05。對(duì)碳基材料摻量2.8%的陽(yáng)極材料的離子滲透性和吸聲性能進(jìn)行測(cè)試,并與基體材料進(jìn)行了比較,結(jié)果表明其離子導(dǎo)電性略低于基體材料,吸聲性能與基體材料一致。此外,還對(duì)多功能復(fù)合陽(yáng)極材料的拉敏性進(jìn)行測(cè)試,得到了電阻值隨拉伸率的變化關(guān)系,結(jié)果表明多功能復(fù)合陽(yáng)極材料能夠?qū)Π偃f(wàn)微應(yīng)變的大拉變形具有感知功能。通過(guò)上述研究,得到綜合性能理想的離子與電子共導(dǎo)電、電磁屏蔽和聲隱身多功能柔性復(fù)合陽(yáng)極材料。
[Abstract]:Steel corrosion is the main reason for serious deterioration of durability of large-scale infrastructure. Mandatory current cathodic protection is an important measure to actively control corrosion of metal materials. Aging of anode materials in cathodic corrosion protection system seriously affects corrosion protection effect. In addition, important civil facilities and special military projects are urgently needed. In order to develop a cathodic corrosion control system with electromagnetic and acoustic stealth properties, a flexible multifunctional composite anode material with electronic and ion co-conductivity, electromagnetic shielding and acoustic stealth is developed in this paper. Firstly, according to the flexibility, dispersion uniformity and molding difficulty, five ideal ratios of components A and B in the matrix are determined. The tensile and compressive properties of the composites were tested. The results showed that the ultimate tensile strength of the composites was 88%, indicating that the composites had excellent tensile properties. The maximum tensile stress is 2.16 K Pa. The relationship between stress and strain is obtained by digital image correlation method. With the increase of strain, the ratio of stress to strain decreases gradually and the creep is obvious. The ionic conductivity of the materials was tested. Based on the space network structure of A and the interlayer structure of B and the principle of concrete electric flux measurement, the chloride penetration ability of five anode materials with different proportions was tested by using saturated mortar board as the contrast specimen. The penetration of chloride ion is better than that of mortar board. The 2# matrix with the ratio of 10:3:5 has the best ionic permeability and the maximum electric flux is 369.456C. With the increase of the proportion of B, the penetration of chloride ion increases correspondingly. The diffusion coefficient of chloride ions in the matrix. Thirdly, carbon fiber, carbon black and carbon nanotubes were added to enhance the electronic conductivity of the anode composites. The four-electrode method was used to test the percolation curves of the composites. The results show that the resistivity of the composites decreases as a whole with the increase of the content of carbon-based materials. The resistivity of carbon-based materials decreases suddenly from 21.077_? M to 2.247_? M between 2.4% and 2.8%. The further increase of the content of carbon-based materials has no significant contribution to the decrease of resistivity. 2.8% is the economic content of carbon-based materials. Then, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE) of 2.8% carbon-based materials in 3.22-18 GHz band was measured by waveguide tube method in 3 cases of 2.8% carbon-based materials, 2.8% carbon-based materials in 2 # substrate and carbon-based materials laying carbon nanopaper on the economic content of carbon-based materials. The material has high SE and can reach up to 100dB. Finally, the sound absorption performance of five kinds of substrate materials with the ratio of H2O, A and B determined by waveguide method is tested. The sound absorption coefficient is above 0.2 in the frequency range of 560-600Hz, and the sound absorption coefficient is lower in the other frequency band, only 0.05. The content of carbon-based material is 2.8%. The ionic permeability and sound absorption of the material were tested and compared with that of the matrix material. The results show that the ionic conductivity of the material is slightly lower than that of the matrix material, and the sound absorption property is the same as that of the matrix material. Functional composite anode materials can sense millions of micro-strains in large-scale tensile deformation. Through the above research, the flexible composite anode materials with ideal comprehensive properties, such as ion-electron co-conductivity, electromagnetic shielding and acoustic stealth, were obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU593;TB33
本文編號(hào)：2206354
[Abstract]:Steel corrosion is the main reason for serious deterioration of durability of large-scale infrastructure. Mandatory current cathodic protection is an important measure to actively control corrosion of metal materials. Aging of anode materials in cathodic corrosion protection system seriously affects corrosion protection effect. In addition, important civil facilities and special military projects are urgently needed. In order to develop a cathodic corrosion control system with electromagnetic and acoustic stealth properties, a flexible multifunctional composite anode material with electronic and ion co-conductivity, electromagnetic shielding and acoustic stealth is developed in this paper. Firstly, according to the flexibility, dispersion uniformity and molding difficulty, five ideal ratios of components A and B in the matrix are determined. The tensile and compressive properties of the composites were tested. The results showed that the ultimate tensile strength of the composites was 88%, indicating that the composites had excellent tensile properties. The maximum tensile stress is 2.16 K Pa. The relationship between stress and strain is obtained by digital image correlation method. With the increase of strain, the ratio of stress to strain decreases gradually and the creep is obvious. The ionic conductivity of the materials was tested. Based on the space network structure of A and the interlayer structure of B and the principle of concrete electric flux measurement, the chloride penetration ability of five anode materials with different proportions was tested by using saturated mortar board as the contrast specimen. The penetration of chloride ion is better than that of mortar board. The 2# matrix with the ratio of 10:3:5 has the best ionic permeability and the maximum electric flux is 369.456C. With the increase of the proportion of B, the penetration of chloride ion increases correspondingly. The diffusion coefficient of chloride ions in the matrix. Thirdly, carbon fiber, carbon black and carbon nanotubes were added to enhance the electronic conductivity of the anode composites. The four-electrode method was used to test the percolation curves of the composites. The results show that the resistivity of the composites decreases as a whole with the increase of the content of carbon-based materials. The resistivity of carbon-based materials decreases suddenly from 21.077_? M to 2.247_? M between 2.4% and 2.8%. The further increase of the content of carbon-based materials has no significant contribution to the decrease of resistivity. 2.8% is the economic content of carbon-based materials. Then, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE) of 2.8% carbon-based materials in 3.22-18 GHz band was measured by waveguide tube method in 3 cases of 2.8% carbon-based materials, 2.8% carbon-based materials in 2 # substrate and carbon-based materials laying carbon nanopaper on the economic content of carbon-based materials. The material has high SE and can reach up to 100dB. Finally, the sound absorption performance of five kinds of substrate materials with the ratio of H2O, A and B determined by waveguide method is tested. The sound absorption coefficient is above 0.2 in the frequency range of 560-600Hz, and the sound absorption coefficient is lower in the other frequency band, only 0.05. The content of carbon-based material is 2.8%. The ionic permeability and sound absorption of the material were tested and compared with that of the matrix material. The results show that the ionic conductivity of the material is slightly lower than that of the matrix material, and the sound absorption property is the same as that of the matrix material. Functional composite anode materials can sense millions of micro-strains in large-scale tensile deformation. Through the above research, the flexible composite anode materials with ideal comprehensive properties, such as ion-electron co-conductivity, electromagnetic shielding and acoustic stealth, were obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU593;TB33
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