本文關鍵詞：納米陶瓷的研究進展　出處：《表面技術》2017年05期 　論文類型：期刊論文

  更多相關文章： 納米陶瓷 納米粉體 燒結與成型 團聚 防護涂層 生物醫(yī)學

【摘要】：納米陶瓷是指晶界寬度、晶粒尺寸、缺陷尺寸和第二相分布都在納米量級上的陶瓷材料,因其克服了傳統(tǒng)陶瓷脆性較大的致命缺點,并在超塑性、鐵電性能和力學性能等方面具有特殊的性能,而受到人們的廣泛關注。綜述了納米陶瓷粉體的制備方法,包括物理合成與化學合成兩種方式。物理合成方法消耗較大的能量且設備投資較大,因此納米陶瓷粉體的制備以化學合成為主。在制備粉體的后期,還需通過加入分散劑和超聲等方法來解決其團聚的問題。成型與燒結過程直接影響納米陶瓷的性能。成型過程包括干法與濕法成型。干法成型簡單易行,成體均勻,但容易引入雜質;而濕法成型能最大程度地減少雜質與團聚,但其工藝復雜、條件苛刻。燒結方法分無壓燒結和壓力燒結。在燒結過程中,如何將顆粒限制在納米級別上成為各種技術需要攻克的難點。最后,闡述了納米陶瓷的力學性能、鐵電性能和超塑性,并簡要介紹其在防護與涂層、生物醫(yī)學材料和器具等方面的應用與創(chuàng)新。
[Abstract]:Nanocrystalline ceramics are ceramic materials whose grain boundary width, grain size, defect size and second phase distribution are in nanometer order of magnitude, because of overcoming the fatal disadvantage of traditional ceramic brittleness and superplasticity. Ferroelectric and mechanical properties have attracted wide attention due to their special properties. The preparation methods of nano-ceramic powders are reviewed in this paper. Physical synthesis and chemical synthesis. The physical synthesis method consumes a lot of energy and the equipment investment is large, so the preparation of nano-ceramic powder is mainly chemical synthesis, in the later stage of powder preparation. It is also necessary to solve the problem of agglomeration by adding dispersant and ultrasonic. The molding and sintering process directly affect the properties of nano-ceramics. The molding process includes dry and wet molding. Dry molding is simple and easy. Uniform adult, but easy to introduce impurities; The wet molding can reduce the impurity and agglomeration to the greatest extent, but the process is complicated and the conditions are harsh. The sintering method is pressureless sintering and pressure-sintered. How to limit the particles at the nanometer level is a difficult problem for various technologies. Finally, the mechanical properties, ferroelectric properties and superplasticity of nano-ceramics are expounded, and their protection and coating are briefly introduced. Application and innovation of biomedical materials and instruments.
【作者單位】： 西南技術工程研究所;
【分類號】：TG174.453
【正文快照】： Received:2017-03-01;Revised:2017-04-15納米科技是21世紀最重要的科學技術之一,由于其廣泛的應用及重要價值,吸引了人們的關注與深入研究。應運而生的納米材料在電學、力學、磁學與光學上,具有獨特的性能,通常具有表面效應、小尺寸效應、量子尺寸效應和量子隧道效應。納米材

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