發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-07 12:09

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：微納米磁性鐵氧體與破乳劑的復(fù)合粒子的可控制備與機(jī)理研究　出處：《濟(jì)南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 破乳劑 破乳性能 磁性顆粒 復(fù)合

【摘要】：石油作為最重要的能源之一,是不可再生性資源,因此對(duì)于石油的開采和利用受到各國高度重視。石油從地下開采出來后,含有大量的水、無機(jī)鹽、固體顆粒等,目前由于三次采油技術(shù)的使用,原油中除含有地下水外還有注入的水,導(dǎo)致開采出來的石油含水量高達(dá)80-90%,這給石油的運(yùn)輸和提煉均造成了很大的困難和成本的消耗,因此對(duì)于石油破乳的脫水脫鹽是非常關(guān)鍵的一步。石油破乳的方法很多,如物理破乳法、化學(xué)破乳法以及微生物破乳法等,目前使用最多最廣泛的是化學(xué)破乳的方法,是指向原油中加入化學(xué)破乳劑進(jìn)行破乳。本文首先合成了兩類破乳劑,一是以D-葡萄糖、烷基胺為主要原料,采用兩步法合成了乙氧基化的葡萄糖胺系破乳劑,二是以DETA作為受體在催化劑條件下與不同量的環(huán)氧丙烷和環(huán)氧乙烷單體反應(yīng)成功合成了分子量分別為3000和1800的二乙烯三胺系破乳劑。通過FTIR、XRD等測試手段對(duì)產(chǎn)物的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了表征,推出所合成的化合物與所需要的結(jié)構(gòu)相同。為了評(píng)價(jià)二者的破乳性能,我們模擬配制原油乳狀液,并且利用所合成的破乳劑進(jìn)行破乳處理,通過結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),二乙烯三胺系破乳劑的破乳效果比乙氧基化的葡萄糖胺系破乳劑的破乳效果好,并且當(dāng)破乳溫度為60℃,加入二乙烯三胺系破乳劑的濃度為100 ppm時(shí),分子量為3000和分子量為1800的二乙烯三胺系破乳劑均有很高的破乳率�；谒铣傻钠迫閯�,為了提高它們的破乳率,我們采用表面接枝聚合法對(duì)其進(jìn)行改性。首先我們探討了氧化鐵的各種合成方法,通過比較,選出了一種較為簡單且合成磁性納米顆粒均一分散性好的方法制備納米Fe3O4顆粒,然后分別選用甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷和縮水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷作為表面接枝聚合法的偶聯(lián)劑,復(fù)合納米Fe3O4顆粒與原油破乳劑,然后對(duì)復(fù)合的產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行破乳性能評(píng)價(jià),得出當(dāng)破乳溫度為60℃,二乙烯三胺系破乳劑的濃度為100 ppm,有很高的破乳率,并且高于未復(fù)合的二乙烯三胺系破乳劑。另外我們探討了采用多種方法復(fù)合有機(jī)物和無機(jī)物,有直接分散法、原位生成法、表面接枝聚合法等。選用Fe3O4納米顆粒和乳化劑作為原料合成稠油降粘固體乳化劑,得到了Fe3O4/OP-10復(fù)合產(chǎn)物,并且對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)采用紅外,熱重,拉曼,電鏡,XRD衍射等技術(shù)進(jìn)行表征,通過比較證明表面接枝聚合法復(fù)合的結(jié)果最好,即在以草酸作為催化劑,調(diào)節(jié)pH到4,偶聯(lián)劑室溫水解60 min,與Fe3O4納米顆粒45℃復(fù)合1 h條件下,得到的最終產(chǎn)物復(fù)合效果最好并且具有很好的響磁性。
[Abstract]:As one of the most important energy sources, petroleum is a non-renewable resource. Therefore, the exploitation and utilization of oil is highly valued by all countries. After oil is extracted from underground, it contains a lot of water and inorganic salt. Solid particles and so on, because of the use of tertiary oil recovery technology, crude oil contains not only groundwater but also injected water, resulting in the oil water content of 80-90%. This has caused great difficulty and cost consumption to the transportation and refining of oil, so dehydration and desalination of oil demulsification is a very important step. There are many methods of oil demulsification, such as physical demulsification. Chemical demulsification and microbial demulsification are the most widely used methods, which point to the addition of chemical demulsifiers to crude oil. In this paper, two kinds of demulsifiers were synthesized. First, the ethoxylated glucosamine demulsifier was synthesized by two-step method using D-glucose and alkylamine as the main raw materials. On the other hand, diethylenetriamine demulsifiers with molecular weight 3000 and 1800 were successfully synthesized by the reaction of DETA with different amounts of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide monomers under the condition of catalyst. TIR. The structure of the product was characterized by XRD, and the structure of the synthesized compound was the same as that of the required one. In order to evaluate their demulsification performance, we simulated the preparation of crude oil emulsion. The results showed that the demulsifying effect of diethylenetriamine demulsifier was better than that of ethoxylated glucosamine demulsifier. And when the demulsifying temperature is 60 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1392477