【摘要】：本文選擇內(nèi)蒙古典型的生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱區(qū)—毛烏素沙地沙漠化災害孕災環(huán)境為研究對象，通過對沙漠化災害孕災環(huán)境的科學評價，對北方農(nóng)牧交錯帶土地沙漠化災害的防止和生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)與區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供合理的建議和依據(jù)。 本文運用ENVI、Excel、ArcGIS等軟件工具和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計方法，對影響內(nèi)蒙古毛烏素沙地沙漠化災害的自然和人為因素辨識，建立孕災環(huán)境評價指標體系和評價模型，對研究區(qū)的沙漠化災害孕災環(huán)境進行評價，獲取研究區(qū)2009年孕災環(huán)境危險性指數(shù)并劃分孕災環(huán)境危險性等級。通過分析研究，主要結(jié)論如下： 1．毛烏素沙地荒漠化嚴重，占研究區(qū)總面積72%；以風蝕沙漠化為主，占荒漠化總面積的96%以上，占研究區(qū)總面積的68%左右；重度風蝕沙漠化比重最大，占研究區(qū)總面積的26%。風沙土和沙丘分布廣，分別占研究區(qū)面積的69%和81%，沙地植被占研究區(qū)82%。豐富的沙物質(zhì)為沙漠化災害發(fā)生和發(fā)展提供了物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。據(jù)研究烏審旗沙漠化最嚴重，土地沙漠化指數(shù)最高，植被覆蓋指數(shù)最低。其次是伊金霍洛旗和鄂托克前旗。 2．沙漠化災害孕災環(huán)境危險等級的劃分，與自然和人為因素的關(guān)系密切。選擇毛烏素沙地6個旗縣為評價單元，建立孕災環(huán)境評價指標體系，包括降水量、氣溫、地貌類型、土壤類型、植被類型、土地沙漠化指數(shù)和植被覆蓋指數(shù)，，人口密度和牲畜載蓄量等指標值，運用層次分析法確定指標權(quán)重，建立孕災環(huán)境危險性評價模型，通過評價模型得出危險性程度分區(qū)。危險性程度由大到小為:烏審旗伊金霍洛旗鄂托克旗杭錦旗鄂托克前旗東勝區(qū)。 3．沙漠化災害的發(fā)生與發(fā)展是自然和人為共同作用下的結(jié)果，沙漠化災害的自然原因包括地貌條件、土壤類型、植被類型以及氣象變化等，其中氣象變化是沙漠化災害孕災環(huán)境的主要自然動力條件；社會經(jīng)濟因素涉及到多方面的因素，如人口與土地利用、牲畜載蓄量等因素。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the desertification disaster pregnant environment in Maowusu Sandland, a typical ecological environment fragile area in Inner Mongolia, is chosen as the research object, and the scientific evaluation of the desertification disaster pregnant environment is carried out. It provides reasonable suggestions and basis for the prevention of desertification disaster, ecological environment construction and regional sustainable development in the farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China. In this paper, ENVI,Excel,ArcGIS and other software tools and mathematical statistics are used to identify the natural and man-made factors affecting desertification disaster in Maowusu Sandy Land of Inner Mongolia, and the evaluation index system and evaluation model of pregnant environment are established. This paper evaluates the pregnant environment of desertification disaster in the study area, obtains the hazard index of pregnant disaster environment in 2009 and classifies the hazard level of pregnant disaster environment in the study area. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The desertification of Maowusu sandy land is serious, accounting for 72% of the total area of the study area, mainly wind erosion desertification, accounting for more than 96% of the total desertification area, accounting for 68% of the total area of the study area; The proportion of severe wind erosion desertification is the largest, accounting for 26% of the total area of the study area. Wind-blown sand soil and sand dunes are widely distributed, accounting for 69% and 81% of the area of the study area respectively, and sandy land vegetation accounts for 82% of the study area. Abundant sand material provides the material basis for the occurrence and development of desertification disaster. According to the study, the desertification is the most serious, the land desertification index is the highest, and the vegetation cover index is the lowest. Next is the Yijin Hollow Banner and the Ottok Front Banner. 2. The classification of environmental hazard grade of desertification disaster is closely related to natural and man-made factors. Six flag counties in Maowusu sandy land were selected as evaluation units to establish the evaluation index system of pregnant disaster environment, including precipitation, air temperature, geomorphologic type, soil type, vegetation type, land desertification index and vegetation cover index. The index weights of population density and livestock capacity are determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the hazard assessment model of pregnant disaster environment is established. The risk degree division is obtained through the evaluation model. The danger level is from big to small: Yijinhuoluo Banner, Okok Banner, Hangjin Banner, Etoke Banner, Dongsheng District, Otok Front Banner, Wushen Banner. 3. The occurrence and development of desertification disasters are the result of both natural and man-made actions. The natural causes of desertification disasters include geomorphological conditions, soil types, vegetation types and meteorological changes, etc. Among them, meteorological change is the main natural dynamic condition of desertification disaster pregnant environment. Socio-economic factors involve many factors, such as population and land use, livestock capacity and so on.
【學位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：X43;X821

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