大傾角易自燃煤層綜放開采自燃防治技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-25 20:41
【摘要】：煤礦自燃火災(zāi)次數(shù)占火災(zāi)總次數(shù)的90%以上,其中80%的自燃火災(zāi)發(fā)生在厚煤層中,在中國大傾角煤層儲量約占煤炭總儲量的14.05%,大傾角厚煤層自燃防治問題更為嚴(yán)峻。古山礦所含煤層為極易自燃煤層,065-2綜放工作面是大傾角易自燃厚煤層綜放開采工作面,受老火區(qū)影響嚴(yán)重,自然傾向性增強(qiáng),發(fā)火期縮短,老火區(qū)復(fù)燃和回采工作面與鄰近小煤窯老火區(qū)貫通而引起開采層自燃的比例高,發(fā)生發(fā)展速度較快,自燃防治難度大。針對不同開采階段結(jié)合現(xiàn)場實(shí)際,采用現(xiàn)場測試、實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn)、理論分析(數(shù)值模擬)以及工程應(yīng)用相結(jié)合的方法,主要進(jìn)行的工作和取得的成果如下：(1.)通過現(xiàn)場取樣、室內(nèi)熱重實(shí)驗(yàn)、光譜特性實(shí)驗(yàn)等,研究平莊礦區(qū)古山礦煤體的自燃特性及指標(biāo)氣體產(chǎn)生規(guī)律,開展了不同配比阻化泡沫對不同煤樣阻化效果實(shí)驗(yàn),得出泡沫與水的體積比1：2為最佳配比,對提高煤的著火點(diǎn)溫度及活化能都是最有利的。(2)通過065-2大傾角綜放工作面采空區(qū)氣體、溫度現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測和數(shù)值模擬研究,指出大傾角綜放工作面采空區(qū)在氧氣濃度分布、溫度分布、風(fēng)流速度分布、氧化帶分布等方面和近水平及緩傾斜綜放工作面采空區(qū)分布具有明顯區(qū)別,得到大傾角綜放工作面采空區(qū)自燃危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域分布特征。(3)使用COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3b2D數(shù)值模擬軟件,通過數(shù)值模擬,指出工作面風(fēng)量變化的敏感反映指標(biāo)是氧化帶終止邊界深入采空區(qū)的距離和采空區(qū)的最大風(fēng)流速度,注氮時(shí)間和氧化帶寬度之間具有近似“Z”字型的Boltzmann關(guān)系,提出了連續(xù)注氮存在最低有效作用時(shí)間和最大效率注氮時(shí)間。(4)采用數(shù)值解算方法,從隔離墻長度、間距、道數(shù)三個(gè)方面對采用砌筑隔離墻調(diào)控采空區(qū)風(fēng)流結(jié)構(gòu)的效果進(jìn)行對比研究,得到不同風(fēng)流結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控技術(shù)參數(shù)與采空區(qū)氧化帶寬度的定量關(guān)系和砌筑隔離墻的有效保護(hù)范圍,提出結(jié)合有效保護(hù)距離、近似“√.”型關(guān)系及工程量和現(xiàn)場實(shí)際選擇隔離墻參數(shù)的方法。(5)通過數(shù)值模擬,揭示了分階段放頂煤采空區(qū)風(fēng)流矢量和自燃危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域的定量變化規(guī)律,指出分階段放頂煤能夠顯著改變采空區(qū)內(nèi)風(fēng)流方向、降低風(fēng)流速度和危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域范圍,對火區(qū)影響下大傾角易自燃綜放工作面安全穿越老火區(qū)具有重要作用和意義。(6)提出加強(qiáng)采空區(qū)及老火區(qū)監(jiān)測及封堵漏風(fēng)、合理控制或降低風(fēng)量、在有效時(shí)間基礎(chǔ)上開展注氮并縮短注氮步距、在有效保護(hù)距離內(nèi)適當(dāng)長度的砌筑隔離墻并加密、加強(qiáng)老火區(qū)超前探測及采前和采中綜合治理、加固頂板及巷幫保證灌注凝膠和泡沫阻化劑的密封性并縮短管路錯(cuò)距和多孔大量噴射阻化泡沫、分階段放頂煤自燃綜合防治技術(shù)方案,成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了火區(qū)影響下大傾角特厚易自燃煤層綜放工作面的安全、高效生產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:The number of spontaneous combustion in coal mines accounts for more than 90% of the total number of fires, in which 80% of the spontaneous fires occur in thick coal beds. In China, the reserves of large inclined coal seams account for about 14.05% of the total coal reserves. The prevention and treatment of spontaneous combustion in large inclined and thick coal seams is more serious. The coal bed contained in Gushan Mine is easily spontaneous combustion coal seam. 065-2 fully mechanized caving face is a fully mechanized caving mining face with large inclination and easy spontaneous combustion thick seam. It is seriously affected by the old fire area, the natural tendency is enhanced, and the ignition period is shortened. The rate of spontaneous combustion of mining bed is high, the speed of occurrence and development is relatively fast, and the prevention and control of spontaneous combustion is very difficult because of the high proportion of spontaneous combustion in the old fire area and the connection between the working face and the old fire area adjacent to the small coal mine. According to different mining stages combined with field practice, the methods of field test, laboratory experiment, theoretical analysis (numerical simulation) and engineering application are adopted. The main work and results are as follows: (1) Through field sampling, indoor thermogravimetric test and spectrum characteristic experiment, the spontaneous combustion characteristics and index gas production of coal body in Gushan Coal Mine in Pingzhuang mining area were studied. It is obtained that the optimum ratio of foam to water volume is 1:2, which is the most favorable to increase the ignition temperature and activation energy of coal. (2) through the gas field monitoring and numerical simulation study of gas in goaf of 065-2 fully mechanized caving face with large inclination angle, It is pointed out that the distribution of oxygen concentration, temperature, air flow velocity and oxidation zone in the goaf of fully mechanized caving face with large inclination is obviously different from that in the near level and gently inclined fully mechanized caving face. The distribution characteristics of spontaneous combustion danger area in goaf of fully mechanized caving face with large inclination are obtained. (3) using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3b2D numerical simulation software, through numerical simulation, It is pointed out that the sensitive index of the change of air volume in the face is the distance from the end of the oxidation zone to the goaf and the maximum air flow velocity of the goaf, and the Boltzmann relationship between the nitrogen injection time and the width of the oxidation zone is similar to that of "Z". The minimum effective time and maximum efficiency time for continuous nitrogen injection are proposed. (4) numerical method is used to calculate the length and spacing of the separation wall. This paper makes a comparative study on the effect of using the masonry wall to control the air-flow structure of goaf in three aspects, and obtains the quantitative relationship between the technical parameters of the air-flow structure and the width of the oxidation zone of the goaf and the effective protection range of the masonry wall. Proposed to combine effective protection distance, approximate "square." (5) through numerical simulation, the paper reveals the quantitative variation law of air flow vector and spontaneous combustion danger area in the goaf of coal caving in different stages. It is pointed out that stage top coal caving can significantly change the direction of air flow in goaf and reduce the velocity of air flow and the range of dangerous area. Under the influence of fire area, it is of great importance and significance for fully mechanized caving face with large inclined angle to pass through the old fire area safely. (6) it is proposed to strengthen the monitoring of goaf and old fire area and to block the air leakage, and to control or reduce the air volume reasonably. On the basis of effective time, nitrogen injection should be carried out and the step distance of nitrogen injection should be shortened. The construction and encryption of the wall with appropriate length within the effective protection distance should be carried out, so as to strengthen the advance detection of the old fire area and the comprehensive control before and in mining. To strengthen roof and roadway to ensure the sealing property of pouring gel and foam inhibitor, to shorten the misalignment of pipes and a large amount of porous spray foam, and to prevent and cure the spontaneous combustion of coal caving in stages. The safety and high efficiency production of fully mechanized caving face with large dip angle and high thickness spontaneous combustion coal seam has been realized successfully under the influence of fire area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TD752.2
本文編號：2294778
[Abstract]:The number of spontaneous combustion in coal mines accounts for more than 90% of the total number of fires, in which 80% of the spontaneous fires occur in thick coal beds. In China, the reserves of large inclined coal seams account for about 14.05% of the total coal reserves. The prevention and treatment of spontaneous combustion in large inclined and thick coal seams is more serious. The coal bed contained in Gushan Mine is easily spontaneous combustion coal seam. 065-2 fully mechanized caving face is a fully mechanized caving mining face with large inclination and easy spontaneous combustion thick seam. It is seriously affected by the old fire area, the natural tendency is enhanced, and the ignition period is shortened. The rate of spontaneous combustion of mining bed is high, the speed of occurrence and development is relatively fast, and the prevention and control of spontaneous combustion is very difficult because of the high proportion of spontaneous combustion in the old fire area and the connection between the working face and the old fire area adjacent to the small coal mine. According to different mining stages combined with field practice, the methods of field test, laboratory experiment, theoretical analysis (numerical simulation) and engineering application are adopted. The main work and results are as follows: (1) Through field sampling, indoor thermogravimetric test and spectrum characteristic experiment, the spontaneous combustion characteristics and index gas production of coal body in Gushan Coal Mine in Pingzhuang mining area were studied. It is obtained that the optimum ratio of foam to water volume is 1:2, which is the most favorable to increase the ignition temperature and activation energy of coal. (2) through the gas field monitoring and numerical simulation study of gas in goaf of 065-2 fully mechanized caving face with large inclination angle, It is pointed out that the distribution of oxygen concentration, temperature, air flow velocity and oxidation zone in the goaf of fully mechanized caving face with large inclination is obviously different from that in the near level and gently inclined fully mechanized caving face. The distribution characteristics of spontaneous combustion danger area in goaf of fully mechanized caving face with large inclination are obtained. (3) using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3b2D numerical simulation software, through numerical simulation, It is pointed out that the sensitive index of the change of air volume in the face is the distance from the end of the oxidation zone to the goaf and the maximum air flow velocity of the goaf, and the Boltzmann relationship between the nitrogen injection time and the width of the oxidation zone is similar to that of "Z". The minimum effective time and maximum efficiency time for continuous nitrogen injection are proposed. (4) numerical method is used to calculate the length and spacing of the separation wall. This paper makes a comparative study on the effect of using the masonry wall to control the air-flow structure of goaf in three aspects, and obtains the quantitative relationship between the technical parameters of the air-flow structure and the width of the oxidation zone of the goaf and the effective protection range of the masonry wall. Proposed to combine effective protection distance, approximate "square." (5) through numerical simulation, the paper reveals the quantitative variation law of air flow vector and spontaneous combustion danger area in the goaf of coal caving in different stages. It is pointed out that stage top coal caving can significantly change the direction of air flow in goaf and reduce the velocity of air flow and the range of dangerous area. Under the influence of fire area, it is of great importance and significance for fully mechanized caving face with large inclined angle to pass through the old fire area safely. (6) it is proposed to strengthen the monitoring of goaf and old fire area and to block the air leakage, and to control or reduce the air volume reasonably. On the basis of effective time, nitrogen injection should be carried out and the step distance of nitrogen injection should be shortened. The construction and encryption of the wall with appropriate length within the effective protection distance should be carried out, so as to strengthen the advance detection of the old fire area and the comprehensive control before and in mining. To strengthen roof and roadway to ensure the sealing property of pouring gel and foam inhibitor, to shorten the misalignment of pipes and a large amount of porous spray foam, and to prevent and cure the spontaneous combustion of coal caving in stages. The safety and high efficiency production of fully mechanized caving face with large dip angle and high thickness spontaneous combustion coal seam has been realized successfully under the influence of fire area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TD752.2
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