基于FDS的礦井外因火災(zāi)數(shù)值模擬研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-20 18:00
【摘要】：礦井外因火災(zāi)多發(fā)生在風(fēng)流通暢的地點(diǎn)，火勢(shì)發(fā)展迅速，如果撲救不及時(shí)，不僅煤炭資源和礦井設(shè)備被燒毀，造成采煤工作面甚至礦井封閉與停產(chǎn)，還可能引起瓦斯、煤塵、水煤汽爆炸或火煙毒化礦井，釀成人員傷亡的重大惡性事故。本文采用實(shí)驗(yàn)及數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的方法，對(duì)礦井發(fā)生外因火災(zāi)時(shí)煙氣的流動(dòng)特性、溫度場(chǎng)、壓力場(chǎng)、有毒有害氣體濃度等的分布規(guī)律作了研究，為礦井發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)救援和人員疏散提供參考。 通過巷道火災(zāi)小尺寸模型實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)單一水平巷道內(nèi)發(fā)生火災(zāi)的情形進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，記錄了火災(zāi)時(shí)期不同斷面不同測(cè)點(diǎn)的溫度傳感器的溫度變化情況，并研究了頂棚射流溫度的縱向分布規(guī)律；通過FDS軟件設(shè)置同比例模型，以N-S方程為基礎(chǔ)，引入浮力修正的k湍流模型、燃燒模型、輻射換熱模型，建立了適合描述巷道內(nèi)煙氣流動(dòng)規(guī)律和溫度、有毒有害氣體濃度分布規(guī)律等的計(jì)算模型，并優(yōu)化了網(wǎng)格劃分方式，對(duì)巷道內(nèi)火災(zāi)進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬，得到了與實(shí)驗(yàn)相吻合的結(jié)果。 建立了水平巷道數(shù)值模擬模型，分別研究了火源熱釋放速率最大時(shí)（120s），CO濃度和溫度在不同位置的分布規(guī)律，其中沿巷道方向，火源上風(fēng)向CO濃度隨著距離的增大，逐漸減小，且減小的幅度大于下風(fēng)向，溫度的衰減幅度大于CO濃度的衰減幅度；垂直巷道方向上，由于煙氣層的影響，CO濃度和溫度從上到下均遞減；研究了一段下山通風(fēng)傾斜巷道內(nèi)發(fā)生火災(zāi)的情況，對(duì)發(fā)生風(fēng)流逆轉(zhuǎn)的情況進(jìn)行模擬，分析了火源上方及兩側(cè)風(fēng)壓和速度的變化情況，并研究了火風(fēng)壓影響因素，火風(fēng)壓隨著火源熱釋放速率的增大而增大，隨著角度的增大而增大，其中角度對(duì)火風(fēng)壓的影響最大，風(fēng)速對(duì)火風(fēng)壓影響不大；研究了獨(dú)頭平巷中部時(shí)發(fā)生火災(zāi)采取封閉措施時(shí)巷道內(nèi)的各物理參數(shù)變化情況，，包括CO濃度，O_2濃度，風(fēng)壓變化，溫度變化等，研究表明，火源附近CO最大達(dá)0.2%，火區(qū)封閉前最大風(fēng)壓為23Pa，封閉火區(qū)后風(fēng)壓驟增，最高達(dá)650Pa。 進(jìn)行了采煤工作面火災(zāi)情況下局部反風(fēng)的數(shù)值模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)，對(duì)比了火源在進(jìn)風(fēng)巷不采取反風(fēng)措施以及采取反風(fēng)措施時(shí)各巷道的溫度場(chǎng)分布、煙氣流動(dòng)、可見度等情況；通過數(shù)值模擬，研究了在煤礦井口房火災(zāi)情況下，采取全礦井反風(fēng)措施時(shí)豎井內(nèi)的風(fēng)壓、溫度、速度等的變化情況，以及井底車場(chǎng)、巷道內(nèi)的氣體濃度、溫度等的分布情況。
[Abstract]:Most of the fires outside the mine occur in places where the air flow is smooth, and the fire develops rapidly. If the fire is not put out in time, not only the coal resources and the mine equipment are burned down, resulting in the coal mining face and even the coal mine being closed and shut down, but also the gas and coal dust may be caused. Coal vapor explosion or smoke poisoning mine, resulting in serious casualties of serious accidents. In this paper, the characteristics of flue gas flow, temperature field, pressure field, concentration of toxic and harmful gases are studied by means of experiments and numerical simulation. To provide reference for mine fire rescue and evacuation. The fire in a single horizontal roadway was experimentally studied by small scale model experiments. The temperature changes of temperature sensors at different measuring points of different sections during the fire period were recorded. The vertical distribution of the roof jet temperature is studied, the model of the same proportion is set up by FDS software, based on the N-S equation, the buoyancy modified k turbulence model, the combustion model and the radiation heat transfer model are introduced. A calculation model suitable for describing the distribution of flue gas flow temperature and concentration of toxic and harmful gases in roadway is established. The mesh division method is optimized and the numerical simulation of the fire in the tunnel is carried out and the results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The numerical simulation model of horizontal roadway is established, and the distribution of the maximum heat release rate (120s), CO concentration and temperature) in different locations is studied respectively. Along the roadway direction, the CO concentration in the wind direction of the fire source decreases with the increase of the distance. The decrease amplitude is larger than the downwind direction, the attenuation amplitude of temperature is larger than that of CO concentration, and the CO concentration and temperature decrease from top to bottom due to the influence of flue gas layer in the vertical roadway direction. This paper studies the situation of fire in a section of downhill ventilation inclined roadway, simulates the situation of wind flow reversal, analyzes the change of wind pressure and velocity above and on both sides of fire source, and studies the influencing factors of fire wind pressure. The fire wind pressure increases with the increase of the heat release rate of the fire source and increases with the increase of the angle, in which the angle has the greatest influence on the fire wind pressure, and the wind speed has little effect on the fire wind pressure. The changes of physical parameters in the roadway, including CO concentration, O _ 2 concentration, wind pressure change, temperature change and so on, are studied when the fire occurs in the middle of the single head roadway. The maximum CO near the fire source was 0.2, the maximum wind pressure was 23 Pabefore the fire area was closed, and the wind pressure suddenly increased after the fire area was closed, the highest was 650 Pa. The numerical simulation experiment of local backwind in coal face fire is carried out, and the temperature field distribution, flue gas flow, visibility and so on of each roadway are compared when the fire source does not take the counter-air measure in the entry air roadway and the counter-air measure is taken. Through numerical simulation, the variation of air pressure, temperature and velocity in the shaft under the condition of coal mine head house fire is studied, and the distribution of gas concentration and temperature in the bottom pit and roadway is also studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TD752.3
本文編號(hào)：2283959
[Abstract]:Most of the fires outside the mine occur in places where the air flow is smooth, and the fire develops rapidly. If the fire is not put out in time, not only the coal resources and the mine equipment are burned down, resulting in the coal mining face and even the coal mine being closed and shut down, but also the gas and coal dust may be caused. Coal vapor explosion or smoke poisoning mine, resulting in serious casualties of serious accidents. In this paper, the characteristics of flue gas flow, temperature field, pressure field, concentration of toxic and harmful gases are studied by means of experiments and numerical simulation. To provide reference for mine fire rescue and evacuation. The fire in a single horizontal roadway was experimentally studied by small scale model experiments. The temperature changes of temperature sensors at different measuring points of different sections during the fire period were recorded. The vertical distribution of the roof jet temperature is studied, the model of the same proportion is set up by FDS software, based on the N-S equation, the buoyancy modified k turbulence model, the combustion model and the radiation heat transfer model are introduced. A calculation model suitable for describing the distribution of flue gas flow temperature and concentration of toxic and harmful gases in roadway is established. The mesh division method is optimized and the numerical simulation of the fire in the tunnel is carried out and the results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The numerical simulation model of horizontal roadway is established, and the distribution of the maximum heat release rate (120s), CO concentration and temperature) in different locations is studied respectively. Along the roadway direction, the CO concentration in the wind direction of the fire source decreases with the increase of the distance. The decrease amplitude is larger than the downwind direction, the attenuation amplitude of temperature is larger than that of CO concentration, and the CO concentration and temperature decrease from top to bottom due to the influence of flue gas layer in the vertical roadway direction. This paper studies the situation of fire in a section of downhill ventilation inclined roadway, simulates the situation of wind flow reversal, analyzes the change of wind pressure and velocity above and on both sides of fire source, and studies the influencing factors of fire wind pressure. The fire wind pressure increases with the increase of the heat release rate of the fire source and increases with the increase of the angle, in which the angle has the greatest influence on the fire wind pressure, and the wind speed has little effect on the fire wind pressure. The changes of physical parameters in the roadway, including CO concentration, O _ 2 concentration, wind pressure change, temperature change and so on, are studied when the fire occurs in the middle of the single head roadway. The maximum CO near the fire source was 0.2, the maximum wind pressure was 23 Pabefore the fire area was closed, and the wind pressure suddenly increased after the fire area was closed, the highest was 650 Pa. The numerical simulation experiment of local backwind in coal face fire is carried out, and the temperature field distribution, flue gas flow, visibility and so on of each roadway are compared when the fire source does not take the counter-air measure in the entry air roadway and the counter-air measure is taken. Through numerical simulation, the variation of air pressure, temperature and velocity in the shaft under the condition of coal mine head house fire is studied, and the distribution of gas concentration and temperature in the bottom pit and roadway is also studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TD752.3
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