【摘要】：在危化品介質(zhì)的諸多運(yùn)輸方式中,移動(dòng)罐車因其高效靈活、運(yùn)輸方便的特點(diǎn),成為目前一種主要的運(yùn)輸形式。但罐車運(yùn)輸途中各類泄漏事故頻發(fā),嚴(yán)重危害著公路運(yùn)輸安全,罐車的安全運(yùn)輸問題日漸引起社會(huì)的高度關(guān)注和相關(guān)管理機(jī)構(gòu)與研究人員的重視。本文以罐車液相法蘭密封系統(tǒng)為研究對(duì)象,綜合考慮系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)安全與密封可靠性,從法蘭的變形協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系理論和墊片的強(qiáng)制密封條件出發(fā),通過有限元分析方法,建立了密封系統(tǒng)的非線性結(jié)構(gòu)模型,分析了靜力學(xué)中系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)、預(yù)緊方式、溫度、內(nèi)壓以及動(dòng)力學(xué)中固有振動(dòng)特性、振動(dòng)環(huán)境等對(duì)液相法蘭密封性能的影響規(guī)律,提出了保障法蘭接頭密封安全的綜合性預(yù)防與泄漏處理措施。研究表明,當(dāng)前液相法蘭結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)所引起的墊片變形,使墊片的密封面積減少20.87%;液相法蘭預(yù)緊過程中,密封系統(tǒng)的機(jī)械交互作用以及螺栓之間的彈性相互作用,對(duì)螺栓的殘余載荷以及墊片的最終壓應(yīng)力分布有很大的影響。機(jī)械交互作用會(huì)隨著預(yù)緊載荷的增大而減小,其損失系數(shù)最大達(dá)0.19;彈性相互作用在各種預(yù)緊方式中呈現(xiàn)出不同的特點(diǎn),損失系數(shù)的范圍在0.44~0.5之間;環(huán)境溫度波動(dòng)所導(dǎo)致的材料變形現(xiàn)象,顯著改變密封系統(tǒng)的預(yù)緊狀態(tài),低溫環(huán)境中局部的應(yīng)力下降最大可達(dá)19.7%,高溫環(huán)境中局部的應(yīng)力最大增幅為14.4%,而內(nèi)壓載荷的波動(dòng)則不會(huì)對(duì)預(yù)緊密封產(chǎn)生明顯影響。罐車液相法蘭不同預(yù)應(yīng)力下的固有振動(dòng)特性可以作為識(shí)別密封狀態(tài)的參考,振動(dòng)環(huán)境將引起密封墊片上介質(zhì)泄漏通道的產(chǎn)生。在前述研究基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出了基于靜力學(xué)考慮的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)改進(jìn)、基于動(dòng)力學(xué)考慮的設(shè)計(jì)參考,同時(shí)建議現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工操作應(yīng)采用至少1.5倍的理論預(yù)緊載荷進(jìn)行三輪交叉預(yù)緊;此外,針對(duì)移動(dòng)罐車法蘭的緊急泄漏事故,提出了兩種應(yīng)急處理的帶壓密封措施。
[Abstract]:Among the transportation modes of dangerous chemicals, mobile tank truck has become one of the main modes of transportation because of its high efficiency and flexibility and convenient transportation. However, various kinds of leakage accidents occur frequently during the transportation of tankers, which seriously endanger the safety of highway transportation. The safety transportation of tankers has been paid more and more attention to by the society and the relevant management organizations and researchers. In this paper, the liquid flange sealing system of tank truck is taken as the research object. Considering the structural safety and sealing reliability of the system, starting from the deformation coordination theory of the flange and the forced sealing condition of the gasket, the finite element analysis method is adopted. The nonlinear structural model of sealing system is established, and the influence of system structure, pretightening mode, temperature, internal pressure, inherent vibration characteristics in dynamics and vibration environment on the seal performance of liquid flange is analyzed. The comprehensive prevention and leakage treatment measures are put forward to ensure the sealing safety of flange joint. The research shows that the deformation of gasket caused by the structural design of liquid flange reduces the sealing area of gasket by 20.87.The mechanical interaction of sealing system and the elastic interaction between bolts during the pre-tightening of liquid flange are studied. It has great influence on the residual load of bolt and the final compressive stress distribution of gasket. The mechanical interaction decreases with the increase of preload, and its loss coefficient reaches the maximum of 0.19.The elastic interaction shows different characteristics in various preloading modes, and the range of loss coefficient is between 0.440.5.The loss coefficient of mechanical interaction decreases with the increase of preloading load, and the loss coefficient of mechanical interaction decreases with the increase of preloading load. The deformation of materials caused by ambient temperature fluctuation significantly changes the pre-tightening state of the sealing system. The maximum decrease of local stress in low temperature environment can be as high as 19. 7, and the maximum increase in local stress in high temperature environment is 14. 4%, while the fluctuation of internal pressure load will not have a significant effect on pre-tightening seal. The natural vibration characteristics of liquid flange of tank car under different prestress can be used as a reference to identify the seal state. The vibration environment will cause the leakage channel of the medium on the seal gasket. On the basis of the above research, this paper puts forward the structural design improvement based on statics considerations and the design reference based on dynamics considerations. It is also suggested that at least 1.5 times theoretical preload should be used in site construction to carry out three rounds cross preloading. In addition, in view of the emergency leakage of the flange of moving tank truck, two kinds of pressure sealing measures for emergency treatment are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ086.52

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