本文選題：飛機(jī)牽引 + 牽引載荷控制　； 參考：《南京航空航天大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：安全是民航永恒的主題,是民航賴以生存和發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。地面安全作為航空安全重要組成部分,始終是行業(yè)監(jiān)管的工作重點(diǎn)。飛機(jī)在地面牽引、停放過程中,由于天氣、環(huán)境、突發(fā)意外事件、人為失誤等因素可能會(huì)造成人員傷亡或財(cái)產(chǎn)損失的地面事故。這些事故雖不像空難事故那樣損失慘重、影響巨大,但其發(fā)生頻率之高,因此同樣應(yīng)該引起足夠的警惕和重視。有鑒于此,本文針對(duì)航空地面安全,研究探討常規(guī)工況下飛機(jī)地面牽引移動(dòng)過程中和地面停放時(shí)的安全問題。主要研究內(nèi)容包括:1)基于Adams仿真平臺(tái),針對(duì)B737-800飛機(jī)建立了飛機(jī)牽引系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真模型,考慮了實(shí)際牽引系統(tǒng)存在的連接間隙引起的接觸碰撞,對(duì)牽引飛機(jī)經(jīng)過地面凹坑和凸起此類不平坦路面產(chǎn)生的牽引載荷及起落架部件受載進(jìn)行了仿真分析,并考察了不同牽引速度產(chǎn)生的影響;對(duì)不同剎車制動(dòng)力對(duì)牽引載荷的影響進(jìn)行了分析。討論了不匹配牽引系統(tǒng)對(duì)載荷的影響,分析了B737-800飛機(jī)前起落架下阻力臂在牽引載荷作用下的失效型式。2)針對(duì)現(xiàn)行牽引作業(yè)中牽引載荷無法控制,遇到特殊情況或非正常作業(yè)時(shí)無法保證安全的問題,提出對(duì)牽引載荷實(shí)施控制以提高牽引作業(yè)安全性的思想并設(shè)計(jì)了一種新型牽引桿,基于半主動(dòng)式和被動(dòng)式兩類控制方法,該牽引桿可根據(jù)需要實(shí)時(shí)改變自身剛度和阻尼。對(duì)確定緩沖參數(shù)進(jìn)行了研究,建立了相關(guān)數(shù)學(xué)模型,通過仿真對(duì)可控緩沖特性牽引桿的應(yīng)用效果進(jìn)行評(píng)估,結(jié)果表明,這種新型牽引桿可有效減緩飛機(jī)地面牽引載荷。3)在廣泛調(diào)研飛機(jī)制造商(波音和空客)、輪擋制造商、國內(nèi)外航空公司及機(jī)場的基礎(chǔ)上,通過分析B737-800飛機(jī)試驗(yàn)等相關(guān)資料,完成了飛機(jī)的前風(fēng)升力、前風(fēng)推力及側(cè)風(fēng)推力計(jì)算,通過對(duì)飛機(jī)進(jìn)行受力分析得出了輪胎載荷分布情況;以國內(nèi)常見橡膠輪擋和金屬輪檔為例,結(jié)合風(fēng)力環(huán)境、地面環(huán)境、剎車狀態(tài)、極限風(fēng)速,利用摩擦錐自鎖原理詳細(xì)分析了在飛機(jī)依靠輪擋所能克服的最大風(fēng)速條件下輪擋的阻擋功效和可能失效形式。4)利用有限元方法對(duì)2種金屬輪檔進(jìn)行分析,提出了參量“推開系數(shù)”來衡量金屬輪擋的阻擋功效,比較得出了它們的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),并對(duì)金屬輪擋進(jìn)行了拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化;在綜合考慮輪擋阻擋功效、結(jié)構(gòu)失效、使用便利性等各種因素后,提出了優(yōu)化的橡膠輪擋設(shè)計(jì)方案和綜合性能較高的金屬輪擋設(shè)計(jì)方案。
[Abstract]:Safety is the eternal theme of civil aviation, which is the basis for the survival and development of civil aviation. As an important part of aviation safety, ground safety has always been the focus of industry supervision. In the course of towing and parking of aircraft on the ground, some factors such as weather, environment, unexpected accidents, human errors and so on may cause casualties or property losses. Although these accidents do not have the same heavy losses and great impact as the air accidents, but their frequency is so high that they should also arouse sufficient vigilance and attention. In view of this, aiming at aviation ground safety, this paper studies and discusses the safety problems in the course of aircraft ground traction movement and ground parking under normal working conditions. The main research contents include: (1) based on the Adams simulation platform, the dynamic simulation model of the aircraft traction system is established for the B737-800 aircraft, and the contact collision caused by the connection gap of the actual traction system is considered. In this paper, the traction load and the load of the landing gear parts caused by the traction aircraft passing through the ground pit and the raised uneven road surface are simulated and analyzed, and the influence of different traction speeds on the traction load and the landing gear component load are investigated. The influence of braking force on traction load is analyzed. This paper discusses the influence of mismatched traction system on the load, and analyzes the failure pattern of the drag arm under the front landing gear of B737-800 aircraft under the traction load. In this paper, a new type of traction rod is designed, which is based on semi-active control method and passive control method. The traction rod can change its stiffness and damping in real time according to the need. This paper studies the determination of buffer parameters, establishes relevant mathematical models and evaluates the application effect of controllable buffer characteristic traction rod by simulation. The results show that, This new type of traction rod can effectively slow down the ground traction load of aircraft. On the basis of extensive investigation of aircraft manufacturers (Boeing and Airbus, wheel gear manufacturers, domestic and foreign airlines and airports, etc.), this paper analyzes the relevant data such as the B737-800 aircraft test. The front wind lift, front wind thrust and crosswind thrust of the aircraft are calculated, and the distribution of tire load is obtained through the analysis of the aircraft force. Taking the domestic common rubber wheel gear and metal wheel gear as examples, combined with the wind environment, the ground environment, Brake state, limit wind speed, using friction cone self-locking principle to analyze in detail the blocking effect and possible failure form of wheel gear under the condition of the maximum wind speed which the aircraft can overcome by relying on wheel gear. 4) the finite element method is used to analyze the two metal gear gears. The parameter "push coefficient" is put forward to measure the blocking effect of metal gear, their advantages and disadvantages are compared, and the topology of metal gear is optimized. After using various factors such as convenience, the optimized design scheme of rubber wheel gear and the design scheme of metal gear with high comprehensive performance are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：V328;V351

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本文編號(hào)：1968444