本文選題：飛機(jī)客艙 + 應(yīng)急撤離��； 參考：《中國民航大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：飛機(jī)客艙的應(yīng)急撤離是指飛機(jī)發(fā)生事故后客艙內(nèi)人員逃生的過程,是影響客艙安全的關(guān)鍵因素。適航法規(guī)中明確要求使用演示試驗(yàn)表明飛機(jī)應(yīng)急撤離能力的符合性,但演示試驗(yàn)耗時(shí)久、費(fèi)用高、參試人員極易受傷,并且演示試驗(yàn)無法模擬飛機(jī)真實(shí)的事故狀態(tài)。近年來,使用仿真方法研究客艙構(gòu)型下人員的應(yīng)急撤離模擬已經(jīng)成為一種重要手段。但目前微觀人員撤離模型還不完善,缺乏人員撤離行為的實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù),應(yīng)急撤離仿真模型的驗(yàn)證問題至今未得到較好的解決。本文通過實(shí)驗(yàn)和仿真,采集人員撤離行為數(shù)據(jù),并對(duì)改進(jìn)社會(huì)力模型進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證和參數(shù)標(biāo)定,為飛機(jī)客艙人員應(yīng)急撤離研究和客艙布局設(shè)計(jì)提供參考。本文開展兩種不同撤離模式(即合作和競爭模式)和五種不同主過道寬度下的應(yīng)急撤離研究性實(shí)驗(yàn)。通過仔細(xì)觀察并分析實(shí)驗(yàn)錄像,統(tǒng)計(jì)了與人員初始位置所對(duì)應(yīng)的個(gè)體撤離時(shí)間、平均撤離速度等,并發(fā)現(xiàn)了“性別差異”、“行人流分層”等現(xiàn)象。在競爭模式下,從微觀人員撤離特征的角度研究了主過道寬度對(duì)撤離效率的影響,人員撤離過程中形成的行人流層這種自組織行為,使在單層人員流的寬度時(shí),總撤離時(shí)間無太大變化;隨著寬度的增加,出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)行人流層后,人員撤離效率提高,但人員受到的橫向阻礙力急劇增大,導(dǎo)致兩個(gè)行人流層整體速度減小。同時(shí),通過觀測實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)競爭模式下,當(dāng)主過道寬度增大至0.63米后,撤離群體多次出現(xiàn)了危險(xiǎn)臨界狀態(tài)。這些實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論為仿真參數(shù)標(biāo)定和模型驗(yàn)證提供了依據(jù)。通過研究社會(huì)力模型的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和應(yīng)用趨勢(shì),針對(duì)飛機(jī)客艙人員應(yīng)急撤離過程的特點(diǎn),構(gòu)建了基于改進(jìn)社會(huì)力的飛機(jī)客艙人員應(yīng)急撤離仿真模型。本文對(duì)模型內(nèi)人員對(duì)障礙物心理排斥力進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),在社會(huì)力模型心理排斥力的確定中引入調(diào)節(jié)變量,經(jīng)對(duì)比仿真和局部實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,發(fā)現(xiàn)調(diào)節(jié)變量應(yīng)該在0.45-0.5之間,考慮滿足實(shí)驗(yàn)人員撤離特征,則調(diào)節(jié)變量為0.454時(shí),模擬的效果較好;驗(yàn)證了改進(jìn)的社會(huì)力模型。利用國外應(yīng)急撤離實(shí)驗(yàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),模擬了加拿大運(yùn)輸局研究性應(yīng)急撤離實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),仿真獲得的撤離時(shí)間均值與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果吻合性較好,驗(yàn)證了模型的適用性和合理性;模擬本文中的競爭型實(shí)驗(yàn),通過對(duì)比分析實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)及現(xiàn)象,驗(yàn)證了仿真模型的有效性。最后,基于改進(jìn)后的仿真模型,本文開展了參數(shù)影響性研究并預(yù)測民機(jī)應(yīng)急撤離演示試驗(yàn)時(shí)間。通過對(duì)不同主過道寬度的模擬得到的結(jié)果表明,隨著主過道寬度的增加,總撤離時(shí)間平均值減少。主過道寬度對(duì)應(yīng)撤離時(shí)間的影響是具有顯著性的;針對(duì)某民機(jī)客艙高密度構(gòu)型,對(duì)未來應(yīng)急撤離適航審定中可能采取的同一側(cè)出口配置開展仿真研究,通過仿真結(jié)果分析,給出全尺寸應(yīng)急撤離演示試驗(yàn)預(yù)測時(shí)間。
[Abstract]:Emergency evacuation of aircraft cabin refers to the process of flight cabin personnel escape after an accident, which is the key factor affecting cabin safety. In the airworthiness regulations, it is clearly required to use demonstration test to show the conformance of aircraft emergency evacuation ability, but the demonstration test takes a long time, high cost, and the participants are easily injured, and the demonstration test can not simulate the real accident state of the aircraft. In recent years, it has become an important means to study the emergency evacuation simulation under cabin configuration. However, the microscopic evacuation model is not perfect, the actual data of evacuation behavior is lacking, and the verification of emergency evacuation simulation model has not been solved. Through experiment and simulation, the data of personnel evacuation behavior are collected, and the improved social force model is validated and calibrated, which provides a reference for the study of emergency evacuation of aircraft cabin personnel and the design of cabin layout. In this paper, two different evacuation modes (cooperation and competition) and five kinds of emergency evacuation experiments with different main corridor widths are carried out. Through careful observation and analysis of the experimental video, the individual evacuation time and average evacuation speed corresponding to the initial location of the personnel were counted, and the phenomena of "gender difference" and "stratification of pedestrian flow" were found. In the competitive mode, the influence of the width of the main corridor on evacuation efficiency is studied from the point of view of microcosmic evacuation characteristics. The pedestrian flow layer formed during the evacuation process is self-organized behavior, so that when the width of the single-layer flow is obtained, With the increase of width, the evacuation efficiency of the two pedestrian layers is improved, but the lateral hindrance increases sharply, which results in the decrease of the overall velocity of the two pedestrian layers. At the same time, it is found that when the width of the main aisle increases to 0.63 m in the competitive mode, the evacuation population appears dangerous critical state many times. These experimental results provide a basis for the calibration of simulation parameters and model verification. According to the characteristics of emergency evacuation process of aircraft cabin personnel, the simulation model of aircraft cabin personnel emergency evacuation based on improved social force is constructed by studying the development status and application trend of social force model. In this paper, the repulsive force of obstacle is improved, and the adjusting variable is introduced into the determination of the psychological repulsion force of the social force model. By comparing the simulation results with the local experimental results, it is found that the adjusting variable should be between 0.45-0.5. When the adjusting variable is 0.454, the simulation results are good, and the improved social force model is verified. Based on the experimental data of foreign emergency evacuation experiments, the research emergency evacuation experiments of Canada Transportation Bureau are simulated. The results show that the average evacuation time obtained by simulation is in good agreement with the experimental results. The applicability and rationality of the model are verified, and the validity of the simulation model is verified by comparing and analyzing the experimental data and phenomena. Finally, based on the improved simulation model, the influence of parameters is studied and the demonstration test time of civil aircraft emergency evacuation is predicted. The simulation results of different main aisle widths show that the average evacuation time decreases with the increase of the main corridor width. The influence of the width of the main corridor on evacuation time is significant. Aiming at the high-density configuration of a certain civil aircraft cabin, the simulation study on the same side exit configuration that may be adopted in the future airworthiness test of emergency evacuation is carried out, and the simulation results are analyzed. The prediction time of full scale emergency evacuation demonstration test is given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國民航大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：V328

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前6條

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本文編號(hào)：1968019