本文選題：有毒液體 + 泄漏��； 參考：《北京化工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國工業(yè)化的快速發(fā)展,危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品的生產(chǎn)、使用及存儲(chǔ)越來越多,特別在石油、化工等領(lǐng)域。同時(shí),壓力容器、儲(chǔ)罐和壓力管道的疲勞斷裂,以及壓力容器的操作失誤等原因都會(huì)造成危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品的泄漏、相變及擴(kuò)散,產(chǎn)生了越來越多的意外事故,給國家及人民的生命安全和財(cái)產(chǎn)帶來了嚴(yán)重威脅,因此,對(duì)危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品的研究日益受到關(guān)注。 實(shí)際上,在石油、化工廠中發(fā)生的許多事故都是加壓或冷凍儲(chǔ)存液體的意外泄漏。在短時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生閃蒸,使液態(tài)介質(zhì)霧化,達(dá)到氣液平衡。因此,影響危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品相變擴(kuò)散的因素較多,機(jī)理復(fù)雜,研究這些影響因素對(duì)事故的預(yù)防和事故發(fā)生后的救援措施有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。 本文使用CFD模擬了廠房中變風(fēng)向?qū)τ谖ｋU(xiǎn)化學(xué)品泄漏、相變及擴(kuò)散的影響,考慮了液體發(fā)生相變時(shí)的蒸發(fā)潛熱,分析了不同時(shí)刻的危害區(qū)域范圍,應(yīng)用DPM數(shù)學(xué)模型,數(shù)值預(yù)測了危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品在有限空間的溫度場、速度場及濃度場的時(shí)空分布。研究表明：風(fēng)向改變廠房中流場的分布。風(fēng)向發(fā)生改變時(shí),廠房內(nèi)流場重新分布,流場的湍動(dòng)強(qiáng)度也發(fā)生改變。 同時(shí),也分析了不同影響因素,如風(fēng)速、風(fēng)向、泄漏速率、當(dāng)量直徑及環(huán)境溫度等對(duì)液體化學(xué)品相變擴(kuò)散的影響,表明不同因素對(duì)CH3OH的擴(kuò)散速率、危害區(qū)域等影響程度不同,它們相互作用,共同影響液體化學(xué)品的泄漏、相變及擴(kuò)散。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industrialization in China, more and more dangerous chemicals are produced, used and stored, especially in the fields of petroleum and chemical industry. At the same time, the fatigue fracture of pressure vessels, storage tanks and pressure pipes, as well as the misoperation of pressure vessels, will cause the leakage, phase transition and diffusion of dangerous chemicals, resulting in more and more accidents. The research on hazardous chemicals has been paid more and more attention because of the serious threat to the life and property of the country and people. In fact, many accidents in oil and chemical plants are accidental leaks of pressurized or frozen stored liquids. Flash evaporation occurs in a short time to atomize liquid medium and achieve gas-liquid equilibrium. Therefore, there are many factors affecting the diffusion of phase change of hazardous chemicals, and the mechanism is complex. It is of great significance to study these factors for the prevention of accidents and rescue measures after accidents. In this paper, CFD is used to simulate the effects of variable wind direction on the leakage, phase transition and diffusion of hazardous chemicals. The latent heat of evaporation is considered when liquid phase transition occurs. The range of hazardous regions at different times is analyzed, and the DPM mathematical model is applied. The spatial and temporal distributions of temperature, velocity and concentration fields of hazardous chemicals in finite space are predicted numerically. The results show that the wind direction changes the distribution of the flow field in the workshop. When the wind direction changes, the flow field redistributes and the turbulent intensity of the flow field changes. At the same time, the effects of different factors, such as wind speed, wind direction, leakage rate, equivalent diameter and ambient temperature, on phase change diffusion of liquid chemicals are also analyzed. They interact with each other to influence the leakage, phase transition and diffusion of liquid chemicals.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TQ086.5

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