本文選題：富水區(qū) + 淺埋煤層��； 參考：《西安科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國是“富煤、貧油、少氣”的國家,煤炭資源在我國能源結(jié)構(gòu)中占主體地位,煤炭的安全開采是社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展的基石。陜北淺埋煤層有地質(zhì)條件簡單、煤質(zhì)優(yōu)良、煤層埋藏淺、易于開采、生產(chǎn)成本低的特點(diǎn),但極易發(fā)生突水潰砂災(zāi)害,造成重大人員傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失,因此,突水潰砂日益成為廣大學(xué)者研究的焦點(diǎn)。突水潰砂是由淺埋深、薄基巖、富含潛水的厚松散覆蓋層這種特殊的地質(zhì)環(huán)境決定的,受水文地質(zhì)、工程地質(zhì)、煤層、覆巖等條件以及開采方式等諸多因素的影響。本文以具有薄基巖、淺埋煤層、富水松散層特點(diǎn)的韓家灣煤礦2~(-2)煤開采入手,分析了突水潰砂的影響因素,建立了突水潰砂災(zāi)害的力學(xué)分析模型,并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了突水潰砂災(zāi)害的防治技術(shù)。將該項(xiàng)防治技術(shù)應(yīng)用于韓家灣煤礦開采過程中,成功預(yù)防了突水潰砂事故的發(fā)生,保障了工作面的安全生產(chǎn),取得了良好的技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)效益。本文通過研究主要獲得以下成果:(1)根據(jù)韓家灣2~(-2)煤工程地質(zhì)與水文地質(zhì)條件,分析了突水潰砂的影響因素及發(fā)生機(jī)理�？偨Y(jié)出發(fā)生突水潰砂現(xiàn)象必須具備四方面條件:有充足的飽和含水砂層;有足夠的過水砂通道;含水層潛伏的水頭壓力在擾動(dòng)作用下形成的動(dòng)水壓力足以使砂顆粒移動(dòng);有足夠的容水砂空間,在淺埋煤層地質(zhì)環(huán)境下,當(dāng)頂板薄基巖發(fā)生斷裂,動(dòng)水壓力達(dá)到某一臨界值后,就會(huì)造成大量的水砂混合流潰入巷道和采空區(qū)。(2)根據(jù)“兩帶”發(fā)育高度計(jì)算結(jié)果,2~(-2)煤層采厚平均為4.4m,理論計(jì)算兩帶高度分別為:冒落帶13.29m,導(dǎo)水裂隙帶高度46.95m,預(yù)計(jì)2~(-2)煤層頂板導(dǎo)水裂隙帶發(fā)育高度將波及到上覆基巖含水層,其開采過程中會(huì)出現(xiàn)突水潰砂事故。(3)在支架后方,其上部老頂巖石由于撓曲形變產(chǎn)生的拉張力裂隙,總體沿垂向產(chǎn)生裂隙,裂隙呈上寬下窄的特點(diǎn),在重力作用下,沿深度較大裂隙面形成滑動(dòng)和錯(cuò)斷離層,錯(cuò)斷垂距一般在0.7~1.5m,該滑動(dòng)直達(dá)上覆基巖含水層,必然導(dǎo)致含水層水潰入工作面,局部裂隙裂縫較寬區(qū)域,可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致突水潰砂。(4)提出突水潰砂的綜合防治技術(shù)。綜合分析突水潰砂的影響因素及形成條件,根據(jù)韓家灣煤礦防治水要求,進(jìn)行礦井富水區(qū)防治水工程方案設(shè)計(jì),內(nèi)容包括:工程布置、施工工藝、安全技術(shù)措施等。在此基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)礦井水綜合利用方案、提出礦井水害防治措施、制定防水、防砂應(yīng)急方案。
[Abstract]:China is a country rich in coal, lean oil and less gas. The coal resource occupies the main position in the energy structure of our country. The safe exploitation of coal is the cornerstone of social stability and development. The shallow buried coal bed in northern Shaanxi has the characteristics of simple geological conditions, fine coal quality, shallow coal seam burial, easy mining and low production cost. However, it is easy to occur water bursting and sand bursting disaster, resulting in heavy casualties and property losses. Water bursting and sand bursting has become the focus of scholars' research. The water bursting sand is determined by the special geological environment of shallow buried, thin bedrock and thick loose overburden rich in diving water, which is influenced by many factors, such as hydrogeology, engineering geology, coal seam, overburden rock and so on. In this paper, based on the coal mining of Hanjiawan coal mine with thin bedrock, shallow buried coal seam and rich water loose layer, the influencing factors of water bursting sand are analyzed, and the mechanical analysis model of water bursting sand disaster is established. On the basis of this, the prevention and cure technology of water inrush and sand burst is put forward. The application of this control technology in the mining process of Hanjiawan coal mine has successfully prevented the occurrence of water inrush and sand bursting accident, guaranteed the safety of working face, and obtained good technical, economic and social benefits. According to the geological and hydrogeological conditions of coal engineering in Hanjiawan, the influencing factors and occurrence mechanism of water bursting sand are analyzed in this paper. It is concluded that the phenomenon of water inrush must have four conditions: sufficient saturated water-bearing sand bed, sufficient passage of water passing sand, dynamic water pressure formed by latent head pressure of aquifer under disturbance, enough sand particles to move; Under the geological environment of shallow coal seam, when the roof thin bedrock breaks and the dynamic water pressure reaches a certain critical value, It will cause a large amount of water and sand mixed flow to burst into roadway and goaf. 2) according to the calculation result of "two zones" development height, the average mining thickness of coal seam is 4.4 m, the theoretical calculation height of the two zones is 13.29 m in caving zone and 46.95 m in fissure zone in water conduction. The height of the roof water conductivity fracture zone in the coal seam will spread to the overlying bedrock aquifer. In the process of mining, there will be water bursting and sand bursting accident. (3) behind the support, the tension fissure in the upper main roof rock due to the flexural deformation, and the fracture along the vertical direction in the whole, the fissure is the feature of the upper width and the lower narrow, under the action of gravity, Slippage and dislocation are formed along the deep fissure surface, and the vertical distance of the fault is generally 0.7 ~ 1.5 m. The slip to the overlying bedrock aquifer will inevitably lead to the aquifer water crashing into the face, and the local fissure area is wide. It may lead to water inrush sand burst. 4) put forward comprehensive prevention and cure technology of water inrush sand. According to the requirements of water prevention and control in Hanjiawan Coal Mine, this paper comprehensively analyzes the influencing factors and forming conditions of water bursting of water inrush, and designs the scheme of water prevention and control in the rich area of mine water, including engineering layout, construction technology, safety technical measures and so on. On this basis, the comprehensive utilization scheme of mine water is designed, the prevention and treatment measures of mine water disaster are put forward, and the emergency scheme of waterproof and sand control is formulated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD745;TD823.83

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