本文關(guān)鍵詞： 土地利用 山洪 風(fēng)險評價 層次分析法 GIS　出處：《東華理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：“山洪是山丘區(qū)小流域由強降雨引起的突發(fā)性、暴漲暴落的地表徑流,一旦發(fā)生將造成重大人員傷亡和財產(chǎn)損失�！盵1]本文從山洪的特點及實踐需求出發(fā),在水文地理分析的基礎(chǔ)上,從土地利用分析的角度充分考慮人為因素對山洪災(zāi)害的影響。采用層次分析法和GIS空間分析相結(jié)合的方法建立相對完善的指標(biāo)體系,對北方干旱半干旱氣候山區(qū)縣域范圍的山洪災(zāi)害風(fēng)險進(jìn)行了量化評估和結(jié)果驗證與修正。重點從以下幾個方面了做了相關(guān)研究工作:(1)從土地利用視閾分析風(fēng)險因子各地山洪的防洪減災(zāi)工程,最終都是落實在土地利用規(guī)劃中加以實施的。因此本文在山洪災(zāi)害風(fēng)險評價中,在考慮傳統(tǒng)評價指標(biāo)體系中的水文地理因子的基礎(chǔ)上,全面分析了土地利用因素對山洪災(zāi)害的相關(guān)影響,包括地均GDP、道路密度、現(xiàn)狀防洪設(shè)施土壤類型、土地利用類型、人口分布等。評價結(jié)果更利于指導(dǎo)以防洪減災(zāi)為目的的土地利用規(guī)劃工作。(2)綜合多源數(shù)據(jù),完善評價指標(biāo)體系基于土地利用分析的山洪災(zāi)害風(fēng)險評價,從現(xiàn)實需要出發(fā),綜合多源數(shù)據(jù),建立相對完善的評價指標(biāo)體系。一方面,綜合分析并重新界定致災(zāi)因子降雨量。針對北方干旱地區(qū)的氣候特點和山洪特征,選擇夏季7月和8月的降雨量數(shù)據(jù),將“最大24小時降雨量”、“最大6小時降雨量”、“最大1小時降雨量”和“最大10分鐘降雨量”作為致災(zāi)因子,進(jìn)行綜合分析。另一方面,首次考慮人類作用的現(xiàn)狀防洪能力因子——防洪減災(zāi)的工程和非工程措施——作為易損性因子之一加入山洪災(zāi)害風(fēng)險評價,提高整個評價體統(tǒng)的完整性和科學(xué)性。此外,嘗試將鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)范圍的地均GDP作為經(jīng)濟價值指標(biāo)納入易損性評價體系。(3)開展我國北部干旱地區(qū)縣域小范圍山洪災(zāi)害實例研究當(dāng)前的山洪研究主要集中在我國南方地區(qū)的大江大河流域,北方縣域范圍小流域的山洪研究則很少。屬于干旱和半干旱氣候的我國北部大部分地區(qū),其降雨空間分布和時間分配極為不均;加之北方山區(qū)高程起伏大,植被覆蓋率相對南方較低,致使極端天氣下的山洪災(zāi)害常常發(fā)生。本文以甘肅省武威市古浪縣為研究對象,開展我國北部干旱地區(qū)的山洪災(zāi)害風(fēng)險評價的縣域范圍實例研究,對北方的山洪防治具有指導(dǎo)意義。(4)利用歷史山洪數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行評價結(jié)果驗證與修正采用近五十年的歷史山洪數(shù)據(jù)對評價結(jié)果進(jìn)行精度驗證和修正,在此基礎(chǔ)上將歷史山洪災(zāi)害作為評價因子對已有的評價模型進(jìn)行修正,以提高評價精度�；谶@些大時間跨度的歷史洪災(zāi)數(shù)據(jù)可以有效地驗證評價成果的可靠性。評價結(jié)果符合歷史山洪災(zāi)害發(fā)生地區(qū)分布事實,對古浪縣山洪災(zāi)害防災(zāi)減災(zāi)、災(zāi)前預(yù)警、災(zāi)后安置及土地利用實踐提供了有力的技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:"Mountain torrents are sudden and sudden surface runoff caused by heavy rainfall in small watershed in hilly areas. Once they occur, they will cause heavy casualties and property losses." [1] based on the characteristics and practical requirements of mountain torrents, On the basis of hydrographic analysis, the influence of human factors on mountain flood disaster is fully considered from the point of view of land use analysis. A relatively perfect index system is established by combining the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with GIS spatial analysis. In this paper, the risk of mountain torrents in arid and semi-arid mountainous areas in northern China is evaluated quantitatively, and the results are verified and corrected. The relevant research work is done from the following aspects: 1) the risk factors are analyzed from the perspective of land use. Flood control and disaster reduction projects of mountain torrents in various parts of the country, Finally, all of them are implemented in land use planning. Therefore, in the assessment of mountain flood disaster risk, the hydrographic factors in the traditional evaluation index system are taken into account in this paper. The effects of land use factors on mountain torrents are analyzed, including GDPP, road density, soil types of flood control facilities, and land use types. Population distribution and so on. The evaluation results are more conducive to guiding the land use planning for flood control and disaster reduction. (2) synthesizing multi-source data, perfecting the evaluation index system and evaluating the risk of mountain torrents based on land use analysis. Based on the multi-source data, a relatively perfect evaluation index system is established. On the one hand, the rainfall of disaster factors is comprehensively analyzed and redefined. According to the climatic characteristics and flash flood characteristics of arid areas in northern China, the rainfall data of July and August in summer are selected. Taking "maximum 24 hour rainfall", "maximum 6 hour rainfall", "maximum 1 hour rainfall" and "maximum 10 minute rainfall" as disaster factors, we make a comprehensive analysis. It is the first time to consider the present flood control capacity factor of human being, the engineering and non-engineering measures of flood control and disaster reduction, as one of the vulnerability factors, to add the mountain torrent disaster risk assessment to improve the integrity and scientific nature of the whole evaluation system. This paper attempts to take the township average GDP as an economic value index into vulnerability evaluation system. 3) to carry out the case study of small scale mountain torrents disaster in counties in arid areas of northern China. The current research on mountain torrents is mainly concentrated in the southern part of China. The Great River Basin, There is little research on mountain torrents in small watersheds in northern counties. In most areas of northern China with arid and semi-arid climates, the spatial distribution and time distribution of rainfall are extremely uneven, and the elevation of the northern mountainous areas fluctuates greatly. The vegetation coverage is relatively low in the south, which leads to the frequent occurrence of mountain torrents in extreme weather. This paper takes Gulang County, Wuwei City, Gansu Province as the research object, and carries out a case study on the county scope of mountain torrents disaster risk assessment in arid areas of northern China. It is of guiding significance to prevent and cure mountain torrents in northern China. (4) using historical mountain torrents data to verify and revise the evaluation results, the accuracy of the evaluation results is verified and corrected by using the historical mountain torrents data of nearly 50 years. On this basis, the historical mountain torrents are used as evaluation factors to modify the existing evaluation models. In order to improve the evaluation accuracy, the reliability of the evaluation results can be effectively verified on the basis of these historical flood data over a long time span. The evaluation results accord with the facts of the regional distribution of historical mountain torrents, and prevent and reduce mountain torrents in Gulang County. Pre-disaster early warning, post-disaster resettlement and land use practices provide strong technical support.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X43

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 張啟義;張淼;孫東亞;;我國山洪災(zāi)害分析評價方法現(xiàn)狀及展望[J];中國防汛抗旱;2016年04期

2 賈丹;張紫怡;陳竹安;官云蘭;張佳賓;;沿河村落現(xiàn)狀防洪能力分析與評價[J];中國科技論文;2016年03期

3 文明章;吳濱;張容焱;鮑瑞娟;鄭榮玉;;閩北山洪致災(zāi)臨界雨量重現(xiàn)期分布及山洪風(fēng)險分析[J];復(fù)旦學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2015年05期

4 許小華;何雯;;基于土地利用分析的山洪災(zāi)害危險等級劃分研究[J];江西水利科技;2015年04期

5 岳琦;張林波;劉成程;張海博;;基于GIS的福建閩江上游山洪災(zāi)害風(fēng)險區(qū)劃[J];環(huán)境工程技術(shù)學(xué)報;2015年04期

6 黃國如;冼卓雁;成國棟;陳真蓮;周小明;;基于GIS的清遠(yuǎn)市瑤安小流域山洪災(zāi)害風(fēng)險評價[J];水電能源科學(xué);2015年06期

7 李昌志;;山洪災(zāi)害分析評價要點及流程[J];中國水利;2015年11期

8 李昌志;郭良;劉昌軍;孫東亞;;芻議山洪災(zāi)害分析評價[J];中國水利;2014年18期

9 孫欣;林孝松;何錦峰;韓賾;;基于GIS的山區(qū)鎮(zhèn)域山洪災(zāi)害危險性分區(qū)及評價[J];重慶工商大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2014年09期

10 韓賾;林孝松;左倩云;譚睿;趙培;;山區(qū)鎮(zhèn)域山洪災(zāi)害孕災(zāi)環(huán)境分區(qū)研究[J];重慶工商大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2014年06期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 劉升平;基于GIS的農(nóng)業(yè)自然災(zāi)害區(qū)域影響分析方法研究[D];中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院;2012年

2 白景昌;基于遙感與地理信息系統(tǒng)的洪災(zāi)風(fēng)險區(qū)劃研究[D];中國科學(xué)院研究生院（遙感應(yīng)用研究所）;2004年

3 丁志雄;基于RS與GIS的洪澇災(zāi)害損失評估技術(shù)方法研究[D];中國水利水電科學(xué)研究院;2004年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前7條

1 喻莎莎;山區(qū)鎮(zhèn)域山洪災(zāi)害危險性評價[D];重慶交通大學(xué);2014年

2 張騫;基于GIS的北京地區(qū)山洪災(zāi)害風(fēng)險區(qū)劃研究[D];首都師范大學(xué);2014年

3 劉川佳仔;北京小流域產(chǎn)流特點及暴雨洪水計算研究[D];清華大學(xué);2013年

4 何劍;古浪縣生態(tài)經(jīng)濟區(qū)劃研究[D];西北師范大學(xué);2013年

5 陳敏;基于GIS的山洪災(zāi)害空間分布預(yù)測研究[D];成都理工大學(xué);2012年

6 劉國慶;基于GIS和模糊數(shù)學(xué)的重慶市洪水災(zāi)害風(fēng)險評價研究[D];西南大學(xué);2010年

7 鄒敏;基于GIS技術(shù)的黃水河流域山洪災(zāi)害風(fēng)險區(qū)劃研究[D];山東師范大學(xué);2007年

，

本文編號：1555389