【摘要】：低比轉(zhuǎn)速離心泵具有流量小、揚程高的特點,在石油和化工等領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。汽蝕性能差一直是困擾低比轉(zhuǎn)速離心泵研制和發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵難題之一。當離心泵發(fā)生汽蝕時,將產(chǎn)生振動和噪聲,汽蝕特別嚴重時離心泵機組將不能正常工作,從而嚴重降低了泵的使用效率和工作的穩(wěn)定性,在葉輪前安裝誘導輪是提高離心泵抗汽蝕性能的主要方法。因此分析前置誘導輪對低比轉(zhuǎn)速離心泵汽蝕特性和內(nèi)部流場的影響具有重要的意義。本文采用數(shù)值模擬和實驗的方法對有和無前置誘導輪的低比轉(zhuǎn)速離心泵的汽蝕特性和內(nèi)部流動進行分析,具體工作如下:(1)采用UG8.0三維實體建模軟件,對離心泵的過流部件進行實體建模,主要包括等螺距兩葉片誘導輪、后彎式葉輪和環(huán)形蝸殼。利用ICEM網(wǎng)格劃分軟件對各個過流部件進行網(wǎng)格劃分。然后導入CFD軟件PumpLinx進行了非汽蝕和汽蝕工況下的數(shù)值模擬計算。(2)在非汽蝕工況下,基于標準k-ε湍流模型對無和有前置誘導輪的低比轉(zhuǎn)速離心泵內(nèi)部流場進行了數(shù)值計算,并在不同流量工況點下,對比分析了兩臺泵內(nèi)葉輪中截面的壓力分布、速度分布以及蝸殼上的壓力脈動。(3)在汽蝕工況下,基于全空化模型對無和有前置誘導輪的低比轉(zhuǎn)速離心泵內(nèi)部流場進行了數(shù)值計算,對比分析了設(shè)計工況點時不同汽蝕余量下兩臺泵葉輪中截面的氣相體積分數(shù)分布,及泵進口壁面、葉輪內(nèi)部流道和蝸殼上的壓力脈動;并獲得了誘導輪內(nèi)部及葉輪葉片上的氣相體積分數(shù)分布。(4)對前置誘導輪的低比轉(zhuǎn)速離心泵進行了外特性實驗和汽蝕性能實驗,獲得了前置誘導輪離心泵的外特性曲線和設(shè)計工況點的汽蝕性能曲線;并與數(shù)值計算結(jié)果進行了對比分析,驗證了數(shù)值模擬計算的可靠性。
[Abstract]:Low specific speed centrifugal pump is widely used in petroleum and chemical industry because of its low flow rate and high lift. Poor cavitation performance has always been one of the key problems in the research and development of low specific speed centrifugal pumps. When cavitation occurs, vibration and noise will occur, and the centrifugal pump unit will not work normally when cavitation is especially serious, thus seriously reducing the efficiency and stability of the pump. Installing the induction wheel in front of the impeller is the main method to improve the cavitation resistance of the centrifugal pump. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the cavitation characteristics and internal flow field of low specific speed centrifugal pump. In this paper, numerical simulation and experimental methods are used to analyze the cavitation characteristics and internal flow of low specific speed centrifugal pumps with and without front inducers. the specific work is as follows: (1) using UG8.0 three-dimensional solid modeling software, the overflowing parts of centrifugal pumps are modeled, including equal pitch two-blade induction wheel, rear bending impeller and annular volute. The ICEM meshing software is used to mesh each overflowing component. Then the CFD software PumpLinx is introduced into the numerical simulation of non-cavitation and cavitation conditions. (2) under the non-cavitation condition, the internal flow field of low specific speed centrifugal pump without and with front induction wheel is calculated based on the standard k-蔚 turbulence model, and the pressure distribution of the inner section of the impeller in the two pumps is compared and analyzed under different flow conditions. Velocity distribution and pressure fluctuation on volute. (3) under cavitation condition, the internal flow field of low specific speed centrifugal pump with no and no front inducer is calculated based on cavitation model, and the gas volume fraction distribution of the section of the impeller under different cavitation allowance is compared and analyzed, and the pressure fluctuation on the inlet wall of the pump, the inner passage of the impeller and the volute is compared and analyzed. The gas phase volume fraction distribution inside the induction wheel and on the impeller blade is obtained. (4) the external characteristics and cavitation performance experiments of the low specific speed centrifugal pump with the front induction wheel are carried out, and the external characteristic curve and the cavitation performance curve of the design working condition point of the front induction wheel centrifugal pump are obtained, and the results are compared with the numerical results to verify the reliability of the numerical simulation calculation.
【學位授予單位】：浙江理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH311

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