【摘要】：角接觸球軸承由于具有良好的高速性能和承載能力,被廣泛應(yīng)用于各種高速旋轉(zhuǎn)軸系支撐。高速角接觸球軸承的主要失效原因之一是由于軸承運轉(zhuǎn)的不穩(wěn)定性,因此,保持架的設(shè)計就顯得非常重要。研究與實踐表明,高速角接觸球軸承在運轉(zhuǎn)過程中由于保持架的不穩(wěn)定造成的高速軸系失效占很大的比重。因此,研究高速角接觸球軸承的動態(tài)特性和保持架的穩(wěn)定性等動力學(xué)行為,對軸承進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化、提高軸承穩(wěn)定性具有重要的理論與實踐意義。本文基于滾動軸承的動力學(xué)分析理論,結(jié)合軸承的接觸、彈流潤滑、摩擦等相關(guān)理論,系統(tǒng)全面地分析了角接觸球軸承各元件之間的作用關(guān)系,建立了角接觸球軸承動力學(xué)微分方程。利用ADAMS軟件對角接觸球軸承動力學(xué)模塊進(jìn)行了二次開發(fā),用Fortran語言編寫軸承各元件間的自定義子程序,并將編譯生成的動態(tài)鏈接庫文件(*.dll)與ADAMS/Solver鏈接,實現(xiàn)了高速角接觸球軸承的動力學(xué)仿真。以某型號角接觸球軸承為例,分析了保持架分別為方兜孔與圓兜孔時,軸承結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)與典型工況參數(shù)對軸承動力學(xué)特性的影響。分析結(jié)果表明：1.加大軸向載荷或提高轉(zhuǎn)速,有利于保持架的穩(wěn)定性,但會增大保持架與外套圈引導(dǎo)面的平均摩擦力矩；軸向載荷較小時,圓兜孔保持架的穩(wěn)定性優(yōu)于方兜孔的,而軸向載荷較大時,則方兜孔保持架的穩(wěn)定性略優(yōu)于圓兜孔的；在轉(zhuǎn)速較小時,方兜孔保持架的穩(wěn)定性略優(yōu)于圓兜孔的,而轉(zhuǎn)速較大時,兩種保持架的穩(wěn)定性基本一致。2.徑向載荷的增加會導(dǎo)致保持架穩(wěn)定性的降低,但可減少保持架與外套圈引導(dǎo)面的平均摩擦力矩：圓兜孔保持架的穩(wěn)定性略優(yōu)于方兜孔保持架。3.隨著間隙比的增大,方兜孔與圓兜孔兩種保持架的不穩(wěn)定性都增大；當(dāng)間隙比c小于1時,兩種形狀的保持架的不穩(wěn)定性基本一致,而當(dāng)間隙比c大于1時,方兜孔保持架的穩(wěn)定性比圓兜孔差；方兜孔保持架與外套圈引導(dǎo)面的平均潤滑摩擦力矩呈上升趨勢,平均碰撞摩擦力矩則相反。4.隨著溝曲率的增大,方兜孔與圓兜孔保持架不穩(wěn)定性都是先降低再升高；針對本課題,外溝曲率的變化對保持架穩(wěn)定性的影響比內(nèi)溝曲率的大；當(dāng)溝曲率fi=0.54、fo=0.54時,兩種保持架的不穩(wěn)定性最低。5.在任何相同工況條件下,方兜孔保持架與外套圈引導(dǎo)面的平均碰撞摩擦力矩小于圓兜孔的平均碰撞摩擦力矩,而平均潤滑摩擦力矩則相反；平均碰撞摩擦力矩變化明顯大于潤滑摩擦力矩。
[Abstract]:Angular contact ball bearings are widely used in various high speed rotating shafting because of their good high speed performance and bearing capacity. One of the main failure reasons of high speed angular contact ball bearing is the instability of bearing operation, so the design of cage is very important. The research and practice show that the failure of high speed shaft system caused by the instability of cage accounts for a large proportion of the failure of high speed angular contact ball bearing during operation. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the dynamic characteristics of high speed angular contact ball bearings and the stability of cages, and to optimize the structure of bearings and improve the stability of bearings. Based on the dynamic analysis theory of rolling bearing, combined with the related theories of bearing contact, elastohydrodynamic lubrication, friction and so on, the relationship between the components of angular contact ball bearing is systematically and comprehensively analyzed in this paper. The dynamic differential equation of angular contact ball bearing is established. The dynamics module of angular contact ball bearing is developed by using ADAMS software. The custom subroutine between bearing components is written in Fortran language, and the compiled dynamic link library file (* .dll) is linked to ADAMS/Solver. The dynamic simulation of high speed angular contact ball bearing is realized. Taking an angular contact ball bearing as an example, the influence of bearing structure parameters and typical working conditions on the dynamic characteristics of the bearing is analyzed when the cage is square hole and circular hole, respectively. The results show that: 1. Increasing the axial load or increasing the rotating speed is beneficial to the stability of the cage, but it will increase the average friction torque between the cage and the guide surface of the jacket ring. When the axial load is small, the stability of the round pocket hole cage is better than that of the square pocket hole, but when the axial load is large, the stability of the square pocket hole cage is slightly better than that of the round pocket hole. When the rotating speed is small, the stability of the square hole cage is slightly better than that of the round pocket hole, but when the rotating speed is large, the stability of the two cages is basically the same. 2. The increase of radial load will lead to the decrease of the stability of the cage, but can reduce the average friction torque between the cage and the guide surface of the outer ring: the stability of the round hole cage is slightly better than that of the square hole cage. 3. With the increase of clearance ratio, the instability of square hole and round hole cage increases. When the clearance ratio c is less than 1, the instability of the two shape cages is basically the same, while when the clearance ratio c is greater than 1, the stability of the square hole cage is worse than that of the round pocket hole. The average lubrication friction torque between the square hole cage and the guide surface of the outer ring is on the rise, while the average collision friction moment is the opposite. 4. With the increase of groove curvature, the instability of square hole and circular hole cage decreases at first and then increases. In this paper, the influence of the change of outer groove curvature on the stability of cage is greater than that of inner groove curvature. When the groove curvature is fi=0.54,fo=0.54, the instability of the two cages is the lowest. 5. Under any same working condition, the average collision friction torque between the square hole cage and the guide surface of the outer ring is smaller than that of the circular hole, while the average lubrication friction moment is the opposite. The change of average collision friction torque is obviously larger than that of lubrication friction torque.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TH133.3

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