發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-31 07:48

【摘要】：在機(jī)械系統(tǒng)中,機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)副是連接兩構(gòu)件并保持二者有一定相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的中間環(huán)節(jié)。為了保證兩構(gòu)件有相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng),運(yùn)動(dòng)副元件間一般需采用動(dòng)配合,這就需要存在一定的運(yùn)動(dòng)副間隙。保持運(yùn)動(dòng)副存在適量間隙是確保機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)靈活的基礎(chǔ),但運(yùn)動(dòng)副間隙的不確定性卻已成為嚴(yán)重影響機(jī)構(gòu)動(dòng)態(tài)性能以及可靠性的重要因素。含運(yùn)動(dòng)副間隙機(jī)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的研究已經(jīng)引起越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注,雖然其研究已涉及到機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)、動(dòng)力學(xué)各個(gè)方面,但現(xiàn)有研究文獻(xiàn)顯示,對(duì)含運(yùn)動(dòng)副間隙隨機(jī)性的機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)可靠性分析與綜合體系尚未完善,需對(duì)其相關(guān)理論和方法進(jìn)行深入研究。為此,本文通過(guò)考慮尺寸公差和運(yùn)動(dòng)副間隙的不確定性,來(lái)研究機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)可靠性分析與綜合理論和方法,主要工作體現(xiàn)在以下幾方面:(1)為了驗(yàn)證運(yùn)動(dòng)副間隙對(duì)機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)可靠性的影響,以曲柄連桿機(jī)構(gòu)為例,綜合考慮機(jī)構(gòu)的尺寸公差和運(yùn)動(dòng)副間隙不確定性以及機(jī)構(gòu)自身誤差,構(gòu)建誤差概率模型。采用概率法對(duì)含運(yùn)動(dòng)副間隙不確定性的機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)精度分析的難點(diǎn)是運(yùn)動(dòng)副間隙變量的概率建模以及如何處理運(yùn)動(dòng)副間隙變量間的統(tǒng)計(jì)相關(guān)性問(wèn)題。針對(duì)此難點(diǎn),采用混合降維法(Hybrid Dimension Reduction Method,HDRM)對(duì)含運(yùn)動(dòng)副間隙不確定性的機(jī)構(gòu)瞬時(shí)可靠性進(jìn)行分析,用一次二階矩法(First Order Second Moment,FOSM)對(duì)考慮隨機(jī)誤差(包括尺寸公差、運(yùn)動(dòng)副間隙)的曲柄搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)可靠性分析。(2)機(jī)構(gòu)時(shí)變可靠度能夠提供運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)間上的全部可靠性信息,便于實(shí)現(xiàn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理和概率壽命預(yù)測(cè)。本文提出了一個(gè)有效的對(duì)函數(shù)生成機(jī)構(gòu)的時(shí)變可靠性分析方法—包絡(luò)函數(shù)法。文中用混合降維法近似隨機(jī)變量的運(yùn)動(dòng)輸出和用包絡(luò)函數(shù)法估算失效概率對(duì)時(shí)間的依賴(lài)性。實(shí)例分析表明:所提出的包絡(luò)函數(shù)法是有效的。(3)在對(duì)機(jī)構(gòu)可靠性分析的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步探討含運(yùn)動(dòng)副間隙不確定性的機(jī)構(gòu)可靠性概率綜合,以機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)失效概率最小為目標(biāo)函數(shù),并將機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)失效概率作為約束條件進(jìn)行概率綜合。實(shí)例分析表明:所提出的機(jī)構(gòu)概率綜合方法能夠有效降低機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)失效概率,提高機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)的運(yùn)行安全性。(4)可靠性設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化和穩(wěn)健設(shè)計(jì)是最典型的兩種不確定性設(shè)計(jì)方法。可靠性設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化和穩(wěn)健性設(shè)計(jì)是從不同的角度來(lái)提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,在實(shí)際工程中,產(chǎn)品需要同時(shí)滿(mǎn)足可靠性和穩(wěn)健性的設(shè)計(jì)要求。因此,有必要在設(shè)計(jì)階段將二者結(jié)合起來(lái)以期全面提高產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量和水平。本文提出可靠性穩(wěn)健設(shè)計(jì)方法,并進(jìn)行實(shí)例分析,驗(yàn)證可靠性穩(wěn)健設(shè)計(jì)的優(yōu)越性。并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出基于成本-質(zhì)量模型的可靠性穩(wěn)健綜合模型,獲取以工程實(shí)用的全壽命周期成本最小,滿(mǎn)足可靠性和穩(wěn)健性要求的最優(yōu)解,為機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量的全面提高奠定基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In the mechanical system, the mechanism motion pair is the middle link that connects the two components and keeps the two parts moving relative to each other. In order to ensure the relative motion of the two components, dynamic coordination is generally needed between the two components, which requires the existence of a certain clearance of the moving pairs. Maintaining proper clearance of motion pairs is the basis for ensuring flexible operation of the mechanism, but the uncertainty of the clearance of motion pairs has become an important factor seriously affecting the dynamic performance and reliability of the mechanism. More and more attention has been paid to the research of mechanism system with kinematic pair clearance. Although the research has involved all aspects of kinematics and dynamics of the mechanism, the existing research literature shows that, The reliability analysis and synthesis system of mechanism with random clearance between motion pairs is not perfect, so the relevant theories and methods need to be studied deeply. In this paper, the kinematic reliability analysis and synthesis theory and method of mechanism are studied by considering the uncertainty of dimension tolerance and clearance of motion pair. The main work is as follows: (1) in order to verify the effect of the clearance of motion pairs on the kinematic reliability of the mechanism, taking the crank-connecting rod mechanism as an example, the dimensional tolerance of the mechanism, the uncertainty of the clearance of the kinematic pair and the error of the mechanism itself are considered comprehensively. The error probability model is constructed. The difficulty of using probability method to analyze the kinematic accuracy of the mechanism with uncertainty of the clearance of the kinematic pair is the probability modeling of the variable of the clearance of the kinematic pair and how to deal with the statistical correlation among the variables of the gap of the moving pair. In order to solve this difficulty, the mixed dimension reduction method (Hybrid Dimension Reduction Method,HDRM) is used to analyze the instantaneous reliability of the mechanism with the uncertainty of the clearance of the kinematic pair. The first order second moment method (First Order Second Moment,FOSM) is used to consider the random errors (including dimensional tolerances). (2) the time-varying reliability of the mechanism can provide all the reliability information in the movement interval, which is convenient for risk management and probability life prediction. In this paper, an effective time-varying reliability analysis method for function generating mechanisms-enveloping function method is proposed. In this paper, the mixed dimension reduction method is used to approximate the motion output of random variables and the envelope function method is used to estimate the time dependence of failure probability. The example analysis shows that the proposed envelope function method is effective. (3) on the basis of the reliability analysis of the mechanism, the probability synthesis of the reliability of the mechanism with the uncertainty of the clearance of the moving pair is further discussed. Taking the minimum probability of kinematic failure of mechanism as the objective function, the probability of kinematic failure of mechanism is considered as the constraint condition for probabilistic synthesis. An example analysis shows that the proposed probabilistic synthesis method can effectively reduce the probability of motion failure of the mechanism. (4) Reliability design optimization and robust design are two typical uncertain design methods. Reliability design optimization and robustness design are to improve product quality from different angles. In practical engineering, the product needs to meet the design requirements of reliability and robustness at the same time. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the two in the design phase in order to improve the quality and level of product design in an all-round way. In this paper, a reliability robust design method is proposed, and an example is given to verify the superiority of reliability robust design. On this basis, the reliability robust synthesis model based on the cost-quality model is proposed, and the optimal solution is obtained, which is based on the engineering practical life cycle cost and meets the requirements of reliability and robustness. It lays a foundation for improving the quality of mechanism design in an all-round way.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH112

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