【摘要】：齒輪傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)及其基礎(chǔ)部件在國家裝備制造業(yè)中具有不可替代的重要地位。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,對(duì)齒輪傳動(dòng)裝置也提出了更高的性能要求,如高速、重載、高可靠性、低噪聲、小型化等。斜齒輪傳動(dòng)具有嚙合性好、重合度大、傳動(dòng)平穩(wěn)、振動(dòng)噪聲小、承載能力高等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn),廣泛應(yīng)用于航空航天、冶金、風(fēng)電、船舶、工程機(jī)械、起重運(yùn)輸?shù)刃袠I(yè)機(jī)械傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。然而,斜齒輪由于齒形復(fù)雜,加工及裝配過程中易產(chǎn)生誤差,且傳動(dòng)過程中,其內(nèi)部激勵(lì)復(fù)雜,齒輪失效頻發(fā),成為制約斜齒輪傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)向長壽命和高可靠性發(fā)展的主要因素。齒面摩擦是齒輪產(chǎn)生振動(dòng)和噪聲的重要激勵(lì)源,齒面摩擦加速了齒輪早期故障的出現(xiàn),齒輪早期故障的出現(xiàn)反過來又會(huì)加劇齒面摩擦,并進(jìn)一步導(dǎo)致齒輪破壞。因此,開展斜齒輪摩擦激勵(lì)與故障激勵(lì)耦合動(dòng)力學(xué)建模研究,建立考慮摩擦的斜齒輪故障動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,解明其內(nèi)部非線性動(dòng)態(tài)激勵(lì)與外部振動(dòng)響應(yīng)特征之間的關(guān)系,具有重大的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值與工程意義。論文針對(duì)斜齒輪摩擦激勵(lì)與故障激勵(lì)耦合動(dòng)力學(xué)建模及其動(dòng)態(tài)特征問題,基于斜齒輪嚙合的時(shí)變接觸線長度,從斜齒輪嚙合的摩擦激勵(lì)和故障激勵(lì)耦合機(jī)理入手,開展了系列斜齒輪嚙合內(nèi)部動(dòng)態(tài)激勵(lì)與振動(dòng)響應(yīng)的研究。論文的主要研究工作包括:①針對(duì)目前缺乏不同范圍重合度斜齒輪摩擦激勵(lì)精確算法的問題,采用“分段法”思想,提出了考慮時(shí)變嚙合力和時(shí)變摩擦系數(shù)的時(shí)變接觸線長度、時(shí)變摩擦力和時(shí)變摩擦力矩的通用計(jì)算方法�；谳S的彎曲變形和作用力的關(guān)系,提出了一種斜齒輪齒面摩擦力的測(cè)試方法。新的計(jì)算方法解決了不同范圍重合度下斜齒輪摩擦激勵(lì)精確計(jì)算的難題,并揭示了變位系數(shù)、螺旋角和齒寬等齒輪參數(shù)對(duì)時(shí)變接觸線、時(shí)變摩擦力和力矩的影響規(guī)律,為設(shè)計(jì)階段合理選擇斜齒輪參數(shù)以減少摩擦激勵(lì)提供指導(dǎo)。②針對(duì)目前齒面剝落故障引起的斜齒輪內(nèi)部激勵(lì)的模型和算法不能很好揭示斜齒輪動(dòng)態(tài)特征變化的問題,基于時(shí)變接觸線長度的變化,提出了齒面剝落故障斜齒輪時(shí)變摩擦激勵(lì)和接觸剛度的計(jì)算方法;考慮斜齒輪齒面剝落時(shí)變摩擦力和時(shí)變剛度的變化,建立了時(shí)變摩擦力和時(shí)變剛度耦合的斜齒輪動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,獲得了齒面剝落故障對(duì)斜齒輪動(dòng)態(tài)特征的影響規(guī)律,為研究斜齒輪齒面剝落故障激勵(lì)特征提供了一種新的計(jì)算方法。③針對(duì)目前缺乏在輪齒折斷故障下建立耦合時(shí)變滑動(dòng)摩擦力和動(dòng)態(tài)嚙合力的斜齒輪三維動(dòng)力學(xué)模型的有效方法,并揭示斜齒輪輪齒折斷故障非線性激勵(lì)及其動(dòng)態(tài)特征的關(guān)系問題,提出了基于時(shí)變接觸線長度的輪齒折斷故障斜齒輪嚙合剛度計(jì)算方法;考慮輪齒折斷故障造成偏心質(zhì)量的離心力和慣性力,以及斜齒輪時(shí)變摩擦力和時(shí)變嚙合力的變化,建立了斜齒輪-軸-軸承耦合三維動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,解明了輪齒折斷形式及大小對(duì)斜齒輪動(dòng)態(tài)特征的影響,為研究斜齒輪輪齒折斷故障激勵(lì)特征提供了一種新的計(jì)算方法。④針對(duì)目前斜齒輪內(nèi)部激勵(lì)模型未能解明不對(duì)中齒輪故障和滑動(dòng)摩擦耦合作用下斜齒輪動(dòng)態(tài)特征變化的問題,提出了不對(duì)中齒輪故障的摩擦激勵(lì)和誤差激勵(lì)計(jì)算方法;基于不對(duì)中齒輪故障導(dǎo)致的時(shí)變摩擦力和動(dòng)態(tài)嚙合力的變化,建立了時(shí)變摩擦力和動(dòng)態(tài)嚙合力耦合的斜齒輪動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,獲得了不對(duì)中齒輪故障作用下斜齒輪動(dòng)力學(xué)響應(yīng)的變化規(guī)律,為研究斜齒輪不對(duì)中齒輪故障激勵(lì)特征提供了一種新的計(jì)算方法。⑤搭建了斜齒輪故障模擬驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái),開展了斜齒輪齒面剝落故障、輪齒折斷故障及不對(duì)中齒輪故障振動(dòng)特征的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,經(jīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果和模擬仿真計(jì)算結(jié)果的對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證了斜齒輪齒面剝落故障、輪齒折斷故障及不對(duì)中齒輪故障振動(dòng)響應(yīng)特征理論仿真結(jié)果的正確性。
[Abstract]:The gear transmission system and its basic parts have an irreplaceable important position in the national equipment manufacturing industry. With the development of science and technology, higher performance requirements for gear transmission are also put forward, such as high speed, heavy load, high reliability, low noise, and the like. the helical gear transmission has the advantages of good meshing property, large coincidence degree, stable transmission, small vibration noise, high bearing capacity and the like, and is widely applied to the mechanical transmission systems of aerospace, metallurgy, wind power, ships, engineering machinery, hoisting and transportation and the like. However, the helical gear is easy to produce error in the process and assembly process due to the complex tooth form, and in the transmission process, the internal excitation is complex, and the gear failure is frequent, thus being the main factor to restrict the development of long life and high reliability of the helical gear transmission system. The friction of the tooth surface is an important source of vibration and noise of the gear. The friction of the tooth surface accelerates the occurrence of the early fault of the gear, which in turn increases the tooth surface friction and further causes the gear to be damaged. Therefore, the dynamic modeling of the friction excitation and failure excitation of the helical gear is carried out, the dynamic model of the helical gear with friction is established, the relation between the internal nonlinear dynamic excitation and the external vibration response characteristic is solved, and the dynamic model has great academic value and engineering significance. In view of the dynamic modeling and the dynamic characteristic of the friction excitation and fault excitation of the helical gear, the time-varying contact line length of the helical gear engagement, the friction excitation and the failure excitation coupling mechanism which are meshed with the helical gear are analyzed. The dynamic excitation and vibration response of a series of helical gears are studied. The main research work of the paper includes the following steps: the problem that the time-varying contact line length of time-varying meshing force and time-varying coefficient of friction is taken into account, General calculation method of time-varying friction and time-varying friction torque. Based on the relation between the bending deformation and the force of the shaft, a method for testing the frictional force of the bevel gear tooth surface is proposed. the new calculation method solves the problem of accurate calculation of the friction excitation of the helical gear under the different range of coincidence, and discloses the influence rule of the gear parameters such as the displacement coefficient, the spiral angle and the tooth width on the time-varying contact line, the time-varying friction force and the moment, The bevel gear parameters are reasonably selected in the design phase to provide guidance for reducing the friction drive. Based on the change of the length of the time-varying contact line, the method for calculating the time-varying frictional excitation and the contact stiffness of the bevel gear with the tooth surface is presented. Considering the change of time-varying friction force and time-varying stiffness of the bevel gear tooth surface, the dynamic model of the time-varying friction force and the time-varying stiffness is established, and the influence of the tooth surface peeling fault on the dynamic characteristics of the helical gear is obtained. A new calculation method is provided for studying the excitation characteristics of the bevel gear tooth surface. The invention discloses an effective method for establishing a three-dimensional dynamic model of a helical gear with a time-varying sliding friction force and a dynamic meshing force under the fault of a tooth break, and discloses a problem of the relationship between the non-linear excitation and the dynamic characteristic of the broken fault of the helical gear tooth, This paper presents a method for calculating the meshing stiffness of the tooth-breaking fault helical gear based on the length of the time-varying contact line, and considering the centrifugal force and the inertia force of the eccentric mass due to the failure of the tooth breaking, and the variation of the time-varying friction force and the time-varying meshing force of the helical gear, The three-dimensional dynamic model of the helical gear-shaft-bearing coupling is established, and the influence of the tooth breaking form and the size on the dynamic characteristics of the helical gear is solved. In order to solve the problem of the change of the dynamic characteristics of the helical gear under the action of the neutral gear fault and the sliding friction coupling under the current helical gear internal excitation model, the method for calculating the friction excitation and the error excitation of the neutral gear fault is put forward. based on the change of the time-varying friction force and the dynamic meshing force caused by the failure of the neutral gear, the dynamic model of the time-varying friction force and the dynamic meshing force is established, and the change law of the dynamic response of the helical gear under the action of the neutral gear is obtained, In order to study the characteristics of the gear failure, a new calculation method is provided. In this paper, the simulation and verification experiment table of the helical gear fault is set up, and the experimental research on the fault of the tooth surface of the helical gear, the fault of the tooth breaking and the vibration characteristics of the neutral gear is carried out. The result of the experiment and the simulation result of the simulation show that the surface of the bevel gear is off-off. The fault of the gear teeth and the correctness of the theoretical simulation result of the vibration response characteristic of the medium-gear fault are not correct.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TH132.41

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