【摘要】：行星齒輪箱為機(jī)械設(shè)備的重要傳動部件之一,與常規(guī)定軸齒輪箱傳動相比,其具有體積小,承載能力大,工作平穩(wěn)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。然而,行星齒輪箱通常運(yùn)行環(huán)境惡劣(如風(fēng)電機(jī)組),齒輪易發(fā)生點(diǎn)蝕和裂紋等局部損傷,其已成為目前故障診斷領(lǐng)域的重要監(jiān)測對象。行星齒輪傳動遠(yuǎn)比定軸齒輪傳動復(fù)雜,其傳動系統(tǒng)包括太陽輪、行星輪、行星架和齒圈等。行星輪的轉(zhuǎn)動既包括相對自身轉(zhuǎn)軸的自轉(zhuǎn),又包括繞著太陽輪的公轉(zhuǎn),并且行星輪、太陽輪和齒圈同時(shí)嚙合,是典型的復(fù)合運(yùn)動。若將振動傳感器安裝在固定箱體正上方,則行星齒輪系統(tǒng)嚙合振源產(chǎn)生的振動信號相對傳感器的位置是時(shí)變的。此外,為使受載均勻,行星輪數(shù)量往往不止一個,其振動信號是不同旋轉(zhuǎn)位置行星輪、齒圈和太陽輪嚙合振動信號的疊加,往往被其他信號所湮沒,特征提取較為困難。振動信號特征分析是機(jī)械故障診斷中較為常用的方法,通過對振動信號特征的提取可以有效判斷機(jī)械是否存在故障。如何從含有復(fù)雜背景噪聲干擾的振動信號中準(zhǔn)確提取出行星齒輪箱故障特征信息,是目前齒輪故障診斷領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn),這也是本論文探討和研究的主要內(nèi)容。本論文就典型行星齒輪傳動機(jī)構(gòu)(齒圈固定,一個太陽輪、三個行星輪、)展開深入的分析研究,因行星齒輪箱傳輸路徑具有時(shí)變性特點(diǎn),在總結(jié)前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種適合時(shí)變傳遞路徑及變速工況的角域加窗同步平均技術(shù)。首先利用Tukey窗對故障振動信號進(jìn)行加窗處理,抑制時(shí)變傳輸路徑的影響,獲取有用振動信號;其次利用計(jì)算階比跟蹤對加窗信號進(jìn)行等角度重采樣,轉(zhuǎn)換為準(zhǔn)平穩(wěn)角域信號,再進(jìn)行同步平均,可有效減少轉(zhuǎn)速、載荷波動等造成非平穩(wěn)對振動信號影響以及抑制非同步噪聲干擾。并在上述的研究基礎(chǔ)上,提出了基于頻移和譜線編輯的行星齒輪箱故障窄帶解調(diào)分析技術(shù),通過對其階比譜自動編輯分離出行星齒輪箱故障主要嚙合階比分量后恢復(fù)到角域信號,并對其進(jìn)行幅值解調(diào)和基于頻移的相位解調(diào),實(shí)現(xiàn)對行星齒輪箱齒根裂紋故障的特征提取。配合上述理論研究,在論文研究中進(jìn)行了實(shí)際測試研究,實(shí)測試驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了所提出方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:Planetary gearbox is one of the important transmission parts of mechanical equipment. Compared with conventional fixed axis gearbox transmission, planetary gearbox has the advantages of small volume, large bearing capacity and stable operation. However, the planetary gearbox usually runs in a bad environment (such as wind turbine), and the gears are prone to local damage such as pitting and cracking, which has become an important monitoring object in the field of fault diagnosis. Planetary gear transmission is more complicated than fixed axis gear transmission, and its transmission system includes solar wheel, planetary frame and gear ring. The rotation of the planetary wheel includes both the rotation relative to its own axis and the rotation around the sun wheel, and the planetary wheel, the solar wheel and the gear ring are engaged at the same time, which is a typical composite motion. If the vibration sensor is installed directly above the fixed box, the position of the vibration signal generated by the meshing vibration source of the planetary gear system is time-varying in relation to the sensor. In addition, in order to make the load uniform, the number of planetary wheels is often more than one, and the vibration signal is the superposition of the meshing vibration signals of different rotation positions, the gear ring and the solar wheel are often annihilated by other signals, so it is difficult to extract the characteristics. Vibration signal feature analysis is a common method in mechanical fault diagnosis. The feature extraction of vibration signal can effectively judge whether machinery has fault or not. How to extract the fault feature information of planetary gearbox accurately from the vibration signal with complex background noise is a hot research topic in the field of gear fault diagnosis, which is also the main content of this paper. In this paper, the typical planetary gear transmission mechanism (gear ring fixed, one solar wheel, three planetary gear) is deeply studied. Because the transmission path of planetary gearbox is time-varying, based on summarizing the previous research results, A new angular windowed synchronous averaging technique for time-varying transfer paths and variable speed conditions is proposed. Firstly, the fault vibration signal is processed by Tukey window to suppress the influence of time-varying transmission path and obtain the useful vibration signal. Secondly, using the order tracking to resample the windowed signal at equal angles, converting the quasi-stationary angle domain signal, and then synchronizing averaging, the rotational speed can be effectively reduced. The nonstationary effect on vibration signal and the suppression of asynchronous noise disturbance are caused by load fluctuation. Based on the above research, a narrowband demodulation analysis technique for planetary gearbox fault based on frequency shift and spectral line editing is proposed. The main meshing order component of the planetary gearbox fault is separated by automatic editing of the order spectrum, and the signal is recovered to the angle domain, and the amplitude demodulation and the phase demodulation based on frequency shift are carried out. The feature extraction of root crack fault of planetary gear box is realized. According to the above theoretical research, a practical test is carried out in this paper, and the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH132.425

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