【摘要】：隨著高速旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械以及精密儀器的快速發(fā)展,氣體潤(rùn)滑軸承以其特有的特點(diǎn)正在逐漸被人們所認(rèn)知并重視。與傳統(tǒng)的潤(rùn)滑軸承相比,氣體潤(rùn)滑軸承的優(yōu)點(diǎn)非常明顯,主要表現(xiàn)為運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)噪聲小、摩擦損耗小、幾乎不產(chǎn)生熱量、低振動(dòng)、壽命長(zhǎng)、能夠在特殊工況下穩(wěn)定工作等。動(dòng)靜壓混合氣體軸承綜合了動(dòng)壓軸承與靜壓軸承的優(yōu)點(diǎn),即在轉(zhuǎn)子啟停階段采用靜壓氣體軸承的供氣方式,從而避免了軸承轉(zhuǎn)子與定子之間的固體接觸,而軸承在高速旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)停止外界供氣,利用動(dòng)壓效應(yīng)進(jìn)行承載,這大大減小了功耗。由于動(dòng)靜壓氣體軸承最高轉(zhuǎn)速每分鐘可達(dá)幾十萬(wàn)轉(zhuǎn),所以軸承氣膜特性的變化規(guī)律具有非常復(fù)雜的非線性且隨機(jī)的特點(diǎn),而軸承的氣膜特性直接影響軸承轉(zhuǎn)子的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài),因此對(duì)軸承氣膜承載性能和動(dòng)態(tài)特性的研究是研究軸承動(dòng)態(tài)特性及穩(wěn)定性的關(guān)鍵。本文以球面螺旋槽動(dòng)靜壓氣體軸承為研究對(duì)象,應(yīng)用PROE軟件中的球面坐標(biāo)系的方法,建立了球面螺旋槽動(dòng)靜壓氣體軸承的三維氣膜模型,并以CFD技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ),將三維氣膜模型處理成潤(rùn)滑分析有限元模型,借助FLUENT軟件,對(duì)球面螺旋槽氣體動(dòng)靜壓軸承的靜態(tài)特性以及動(dòng)態(tài)特性進(jìn)行仿真分析,揭示軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)(槽寬比、槽深比、螺旋角、槽數(shù))對(duì)軸承氣膜壓力分布以及承載能力的影響規(guī)律,并以此為依據(jù),對(duì)軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了初步優(yōu)化。在穩(wěn)態(tài)計(jì)算的基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)用FLUENT軟件中的6 DOF被動(dòng)型網(wǎng)格計(jì)算模塊,對(duì)球面螺旋槽動(dòng)靜壓氣體軸承在動(dòng)態(tài)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中的失穩(wěn)過(guò)程進(jìn)行模擬分析,通過(guò)研究軸承在瞬態(tài)運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中的軸心軌跡圖、頻譜圖,揭示了軸承從穩(wěn)定運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)到失穩(wěn)的各種運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)的變化規(guī)律,選擇軸承在不同運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)下,特殊點(diǎn)的速度、力和位移的變化量,計(jì)算出軸承在此時(shí)的剛度、阻尼系數(shù),以此建立軸承的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)與剛度、阻尼系數(shù)之間的聯(lián)系,并以剛度、阻尼系數(shù)為目標(biāo),對(duì)軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of high speed rotating machinery and precision instruments, gas lubricated bearings are gradually recognized and valued for their special characteristics. Compared with the traditional lubricated bearings, the gas lubricated bearings have many advantages, such as less noise, less friction loss, little heat, low vibration, long life, and can work stably under special working conditions. The hybrid gas bearing combines the advantages of the hydrodynamic bearing and the hydrostatic bearing, that is, the air supply mode of the hydrostatic gas bearing is adopted in the starting and stopping stage of the rotor, thus avoiding the solid contact between the rotor and the stator of the bearing. The bearing stops the external gas supply when rotating at high speed and uses the dynamic pressure effect to carry on the load, which greatly reduces the power consumption. Because the maximum rotational speed of the static and static gas bearing can reach several hundred thousand revolutions per minute, the variation law of the film characteristic of the bearing has very complicated nonlinear and random characteristics, and the film characteristic of the bearing directly affects the motion state of the bearing rotor. Therefore, the study of bearing film bearing performance and dynamic characteristics is the key to study bearing dynamic characteristics and stability. In this paper, the three-dimensional gas film model of spherical spiral groove static and static gas bearing is established by using the method of spherical coordinate system in PROE software, and based on CFD technology, the spherical spiral groove static and static gas bearing is taken as the research object. The three-dimensional gas film model is treated as the finite element model of lubrication analysis. The static and dynamic characteristics of the spherical helical groove gas static and static bearing are simulated and analyzed with the help of FLUENT software, and the structural parameters of the bearing (groove width ratio, slot depth ratio) are revealed. The influence of spiral angle and slot number on the film pressure distribution and bearing capacity of bearing was studied and the structural parameters of bearing were preliminarily optimized. On the basis of steady state calculation, using 6 DOF passive mesh calculation module in FLUENT software, the instability process of spherical spiral groove static and static gas bearing in dynamic operation is simulated and analyzed. By studying the track diagram and spectrum diagram of the axis center in the transient motion process of the bearing, this paper reveals the changing law of the various motion states of the bearing from stable to unstable, and selects the speed of the special point of the bearing in the different motion state. By calculating the stiffness and damping coefficient of the bearing at this time, the relation between the motion state of the bearing and the stiffness and damping coefficient is established, and the stiffness and damping coefficient are taken as the target. The structural parameters of the bearing are further optimized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH133.36

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