【摘要】：振動(dòng)是自然界常見的現(xiàn)象,是事物在接受外界刺激時(shí)不可避免的現(xiàn)象。振動(dòng)對于一些設(shè)備儀器,尤其是對一些重要設(shè)備和精密儀器都會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的損害。振動(dòng)的抑制一直以來都是一個(gè)熱門的話題,對于普通的振動(dòng)隔離許多研究人員都提出了很多解決辦法。然而對于低頻隔振這一難題卻由于其本身的理論難點(diǎn)而變得尤其棘手,而低頻振動(dòng)對于一些軍事上的設(shè)備如發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)等更是一個(gè)亟待解決的問題。本文對現(xiàn)今國內(nèi)外抑制低頻振動(dòng)的方法做了大量閱讀和總結(jié),提出了一種基于準(zhǔn)零剛度原理和液壓慣容器相結(jié)合的方法來解決低頻隔振的問題。其中準(zhǔn)零剛度原理運(yùn)用了液壓蓄能器和新型智能材料形狀記憶合金彈簧。設(shè)計(jì)了實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)架,對原理進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)論證,驗(yàn)證了整體系統(tǒng)對于解決低頻隔振問題的可行性。本文分為六章,主要內(nèi)容如下:第一章:介紹了本課題研究的背景和意義,綜述了低頻隔振的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,分析了傳統(tǒng)的隔振原理及其在低頻振動(dòng)領(lǐng)域無法適用的原因,最后引出了本課題。第二章:簡單介紹了智能材料形狀記憶合金及其形狀記憶效應(yīng)和超彈性效應(yīng),并總結(jié)了形狀記憶合金工程應(yīng)用中幾種常用的本構(gòu)模型。最后簡單介紹了一下形狀記憶合金材料在振動(dòng)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用。第三章:詳細(xì)介紹了基于形狀記憶合金超彈性效應(yīng)的準(zhǔn)零剛度原理,并闡述了慣容器的概念,從而引出了本文設(shè)計(jì)的低頻隔振系統(tǒng)。分析了本系統(tǒng)的工作原理,理論驗(yàn)證了其隔振能力,為下文的實(shí)驗(yàn)部分提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。第四章:基于改進(jìn)的Ginzburg-Landau相變理論模型,引出了形狀記憶合金彈簧的微分方程模型。結(jié)合Preisach模型的機(jī)理,提出了 一種全新的多晶動(dòng)態(tài)模型,實(shí)現(xiàn)了對形狀記憶合金彈簧多種遲滯非線性力學(xué)行為的準(zhǔn)確描述。最后,本章完整給出了單晶模型和多晶模型的參數(shù)辨識(shí)策略,即基于最小誤差的非線性優(yōu)化算法。第五章:對本文形狀記憶合金絲以及提出的低頻隔振系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)原理和實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置。根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)方案,通過數(shù)據(jù)采集程序?qū)ο鄳?yīng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行采集,對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,驗(yàn)證本實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)對于低頻隔振的有效性。第六章:總結(jié)了本課題的工作,對本課題的不足之處進(jìn)行了說明,并對低頻隔振裝置的發(fā)展提出了展望。
[Abstract]:Vibration is a common phenomenon in nature and an inevitable phenomenon when things are stimulated by the outside world. Vibration can cause serious damage to some equipment, especially to some important equipment and precision instruments. Vibration suppression has always been a hot topic, and many researchers have put forward many solutions for ordinary vibration isolation. However, the problem of low-frequency vibration isolation is very difficult because of its theoretical difficulties, and low-frequency vibration is an urgent problem for some military equipments such as engines. In this paper, the methods of suppressing low-frequency vibration at home and abroad are reviewed and summarized, and a method based on the principle of quasi-zero stiffness and hydraulic inertial container is proposed to solve the problem of low-frequency vibration isolation. The principle of quasi-zero stiffness uses hydraulic accumulator and new smart material shape memory alloy spring. The experimental bench is designed and the principle is demonstrated experimentally. The feasibility of the whole system for solving the problem of low frequency vibration isolation is verified. This paper is divided into six chapters. The main contents are as follows: the first chapter introduces the background and significance of this research, summarizes the domestic and foreign research status of low-frequency vibration isolation, analyzes the traditional principle of vibration isolation and the reasons why it can not be applied in the field of low-frequency vibration. Finally, the subject is introduced. Chapter 2: the shape memory alloy of intelligent material and its shape memory effect and hyperelastic effect are briefly introduced, and several constitutive models commonly used in the engineering application of shape memory alloy are summarized. Finally, the application of shape memory alloy in vibration field is briefly introduced. In chapter 3, the principle of quasi-zero stiffness based on shape memory alloy hyperelastic effect is introduced in detail, and the concept of inertial vessel is expounded, which leads to the design of low-frequency vibration isolation system in this paper. The working principle of the system is analyzed, and its vibration isolation ability is verified theoretically, which provides a theoretical basis for the experiment below. Chapter 4: based on the improved Ginzburg-Landau phase transformation theory model, the differential equation model of shape memory alloy spring is derived. Based on the mechanism of Preisach model, a new polycrystalline dynamic model is proposed, which can accurately describe the hysteresis nonlinear mechanical behavior of shape memory alloy spring. Finally, the parameter identification strategies of single crystal model and polycrystalline model are presented in this chapter, that is, the nonlinear optimization algorithm based on minimum error. Chapter 5: the experimental research on shape memory alloy wire and the low frequency vibration isolation system is carried out. The experimental principle and experimental device are introduced. According to the experimental scheme, the corresponding experimental data are collected through the data acquisition program, and the data are analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the experimental system for low-frequency vibration isolation. Chapter 6: summarize the work of this subject, explain the deficiency of this subject, and put forward the prospect of the development of low frequency vibration isolator.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG139.6;TH122

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