【摘要】：微流體輸運(yùn)器件廣泛應(yīng)用于醫(yī)療供藥系統(tǒng)、化學(xué)分析系統(tǒng)及DNA合成系統(tǒng)等。作為微流體輸運(yùn)器件的核心執(zhí)行部件,微流量泵的研制一直是微機(jī)電領(lǐng)域研究的核心問(wèn)題,受到國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注。目前生物體液檢測(cè)需在低流速條件下轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)高濃度/粘度流體;然而,由于設(shè)計(jì)與加工技術(shù)水平的制約,針對(duì)于此類(lèi)用途的微流量泵的研制尚未有重大進(jìn)展。前期研究表明,某些膜翅目昆蟲(chóng)具備高度進(jìn)化的食蜜口器結(jié)構(gòu)。這些結(jié)構(gòu)可以通過(guò)口器微結(jié)構(gòu)的周期性伸縮變形完成功能轉(zhuǎn)化,以實(shí)現(xiàn)高濃/粘度花蜜的輸運(yùn)。本文選取蜜蜂的口器作為仿生對(duì)象,借助微觀成像與高速攝像技術(shù),觀察蜜蜂口器的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和宏觀運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,給出流體輸運(yùn)模型并分析蜜蜂飲水的減阻機(jī)制。結(jié)合理論分析,提出新型微流量泵的概念設(shè)計(jì)方法。這項(xiàng)研究將豐富和完善蜜蜂飲水機(jī)理,對(duì)微流體輸運(yùn)器件的發(fā)展具有重要的理論意義和工程實(shí)用價(jià)值。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括:(1)借助微觀成像技術(shù),如光學(xué)顯微鏡、掃描電子顯微鏡、電子計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描技術(shù)等生物實(shí)驗(yàn)方法觀測(cè)蜜蜂口器微結(jié)構(gòu)的形態(tài)。利用高速攝像技術(shù)捕捉蜜蜂飲水動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程,分析蜜蜂口器各部分的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡及幅度。發(fā)現(xiàn)蜜蜂工蜂口器外顎葉的內(nèi)側(cè)有均勻分布的橫紋式凸起,尺寸為微米級(jí)。基于這種均勻分布的內(nèi)脊,建立模型并分析蜜蜂輸運(yùn)花蜜的特性;證明在內(nèi)脊的高度一定時(shí),其橫向分布系數(shù)(內(nèi)脊的間距與寬度之比)是減小蜜蜂輸運(yùn)花蜜阻力的關(guān)鍵因素。蜜蜂外顎葉內(nèi)脊高度為4μm,當(dāng)其橫向分布系數(shù)為40時(shí),摩擦系數(shù)減小到0.011,遠(yuǎn)低于無(wú)內(nèi)脊模型的摩擦系數(shù)0.077。(2)橫向比較蜜蜂工蜂和雄蜂口器尺寸和飲水特性;發(fā)現(xiàn)雄蜂外顎葉內(nèi)側(cè)也有與工蜂相似的內(nèi)脊結(jié)構(gòu),但尺寸(內(nèi)脊高度、寬度、間距)小于工蜂;且雄蜂輸運(yùn)花蜜的摩擦系數(shù)約為工蜂的4倍,即工蜂的飲水減阻特性明顯優(yōu)于雄蜂。完善了蜜蜂飲水模型,引入徑向微動(dòng)度喘振,證明振幅為2μm的周期性徑向喘振對(duì)蜜蜂攝蜜減阻特性并無(wú)顯著影響。(3)給出了微流量泵概念設(shè)計(jì)的一般流程,針對(duì)在低速工況下輸運(yùn)高濃/粘度流體的特殊要求,選擇膜翅目昆蟲(chóng)的口器為仿生對(duì)象�？紤]流體宏觀壓力損失和微觀運(yùn)動(dòng)特性,提出仿嚼吸式口器微流量泵的概念設(shè)計(jì)。并借由蜜蜂飲水減阻特性啟發(fā),提出新型微流量泵管道設(shè)計(jì)方法,減小流體在微流量泵中輸送的阻力,提高微流量泵的使用壽命。
[Abstract]:Micro-fluid transport devices are widely used in medical drug delivery systems, chemical analysis systems and DNA synthesis systems. As the core executive part of micro fluid transport devices, the development of micro flow pump has been the core problem in the field of micro electromechanical research, and has been widely concerned by scholars at home and abroad. At present, the detection of biological fluid needs to transport high concentration / viscosity fluid at low flow rate. However, due to the restriction of design and processing technology, the development of micro-flow pump for this kind of use has not made great progress. Previous studies have shown that some Hymenoptera insects have highly evolved honey-eating mouthparts. These structures can be transformed by the periodic stretching and deformation of the microstructures of the mouthpiece to realize the transport of high concentration / viscosity nectar. In this paper, the honeybee mouthpiece is chosen as the bionic object. By means of microscopic imaging and high speed camera technology, the microstructure and macroscopic motion of bee mouthpiece are observed, the fluid transport model is given and the drag reduction mechanism of bee drinking water is analyzed. Based on the theoretical analysis, a new concept design method of micro-flow pump is proposed. This study will enrich and perfect the water drinking mechanism of honeybee, and have important theoretical significance and practical engineering value for the development of micro-fluid transport devices. The main contents are as follows: (1) the morphology of honeybee mouthpiece was observed by means of microscopic imaging techniques such as optical microscope scanning electron microscope and computer tomography. The dynamic process of honeybee drinking water was captured by high speed camera, and the trajectory and amplitude of each part of bee mouthpiece were analyzed. It was found that the inner part of the outer mandible of the worker bee mouthpiece had a uniformly distributed transverse protuberance with a size of micrometer. Based on the uniform distribution of the inner ridge, the model was established and the characteristics of honeybee transporting nectar were analyzed, and it was proved that when the height of the inner ridge was fixed, the transverse distribution coefficient (the ratio of the distance of the inner ridge to the width of the inner ridge) was the key factor to reduce the resistance of honeybee to transport nectar. When the lateral distribution coefficient was 40, the friction coefficient decreased to 0.011, which was much lower than that of the model without internal ridge. (2) the size of mouthpiece and drinking characteristics of worker bee and male bee were compared horizontally. It was found that the inner ridge structure was similar to that of the worker bee, but the dimension (height, width and spacing of the inner ridge) was smaller than that of the worker bee, and the coefficient of friction of the honey transported by the male wasp was about 4 times of that of the worker bee. That is to say, the drag-reducing characteristic of worker bee is obviously better than that of male bee. The model of honeybee drinking water is improved, and the radial fretting degree surge is introduced. It is proved that the periodic radial surge with amplitude of 2 渭 m has no significant effect on the drag reduction characteristics of honeybee honey uptake. (3) the general flow chart of conceptual design of micro-flow pump is given. According to the special requirement of transporting high concentration / viscosity fluid at low speed, the mouthparts of Hymenoptera insects are selected as bionic objects. Considering the macroscopic pressure loss and microscopic motion characteristics of the fluid, the conceptual design of the micro-flow pump in a chewing and sucking mouthpiece is put forward. Inspired by the drag reduction characteristics of honeybee drinking water, a new design method of micro-flow pump pipe is put forward to reduce the resistance of fluid conveying in micro-flow pump and to improve the service life of micro-flow pump.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TB17;TH38

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