【摘要】：隨著社會的發(fā)展和科技的進步,自動化的旋轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用越來越多,然而其故障降低了自動化設(shè)備的應(yīng)用效率,尤其是旋轉(zhuǎn)軸的斷軸故障會進一步擴大設(shè)備的故障程度。旋轉(zhuǎn)機械系統(tǒng)是一種最常用的傳動系統(tǒng),廣泛應(yīng)用于各個領(lǐng)域,如化工、電力、石油、航空航天等。旋轉(zhuǎn)機械轉(zhuǎn)軸故障會帶來巨大的經(jīng)濟損失,甚至出現(xiàn)人員傷亡。因此,加強對旋轉(zhuǎn)機械系統(tǒng)的運行狀態(tài)的監(jiān)控,尤其是對轉(zhuǎn)軸斷裂的預測,對于生產(chǎn)安全、人身安全、減小經(jīng)濟損失、提高國民經(jīng)濟都有著至關(guān)重要的意義。盡管現(xiàn)在有著許許多多的檢測轉(zhuǎn)軸故障的方法,如離線的和在線的。但是這些方法都有著自身的缺陷,給判斷轉(zhuǎn)軸的運行狀態(tài)帶來巨大的困難。對于我國來說,在旋轉(zhuǎn)機械斷軸預測這一方面的研究技術(shù)并不成熟,雖然斷軸研究的論文有很多,但一般局限于對斷軸原因的量理論分析,而實際的能夠應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)場斷軸測試的研究卻非常少,因此至今缺乏一套實用的、應(yīng)對轉(zhuǎn)軸斷裂的、簡單有效的在線預測系統(tǒng)。本文針對現(xiàn)有在線斷軸檢測方法的不足,基于機械轉(zhuǎn)軸是一彈性體,在轉(zhuǎn)矩傳遞過程中產(chǎn)生的應(yīng)變與扭轉(zhuǎn)剛度有一定關(guān)系,提出了一種新的旋轉(zhuǎn)機械的轉(zhuǎn)軸斷軸故障的在線預測方法,并完成了整個系統(tǒng)的初步研究和測試。本文首先介紹了旋轉(zhuǎn)機械的故障情況及斷軸故障的危害,分析比較了現(xiàn)有的斷軸故障檢測的方法及不足,綜合斷軸故障預測的需求和發(fā)展概況;其次從軸應(yīng)力機械角度分析了轉(zhuǎn)軸運行狀態(tài)中的剛度和動力學的變化情況,闡述了新型在線預測方法的可行性;然后分析了新型斷軸在線預測系統(tǒng)的原理,并對整個預測系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)進行了設(shè)計;接著對于整個在線系統(tǒng)進行研制;最后對用該檢測系統(tǒng)對實際系統(tǒng)的斷軸故障進行了實時檢測,證明了本文提出的方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, more and more automatic rotating systems are applied. However, its failure reduces the application efficiency of automation equipment, especially the failure of rotating shaft will further expand the fault degree of the equipment. Rotating machinery system is the most commonly used transmission system, widely used in various fields, such as chemical industry, electricity, petroleum, aerospace and so on. Rotating machinery shaft failure will bring huge economic losses, even human casualties. Therefore, it is very important for production safety, personal safety, reducing economic loss and improving the national economy to strengthen the monitoring of the running state of rotating machinery system, especially the prediction of shaft fracture. Although there are many ways to detect shaft failures, such as offline and online. However, these methods have their own defects, which makes it difficult to judge the running state of the shaft. For our country, the research technology of shaft breaking prediction in rotating machinery is not mature. Although there are many papers on shaft breaking, it is generally limited to the quantitative theoretical analysis of shaft breaking. However, there are very few researches that can be applied to the field test of broken shaft. So far, there is a lack of a practical, simple and effective on-line prediction system to deal with the fracture of rotating shaft. This paper aims at the deficiency of the existing on-line testing methods of broken shaft, based on the fact that the mechanical shaft is an elastic body, and the strain produced in the process of torque transfer is related to the torsional stiffness. In this paper, a new on-line prediction method for shaft failure of rotating machinery is presented, and the preliminary research and test of the whole system are completed. This paper first introduces the fault situation of rotating machinery and the harm of broken shaft fault, analyzes and compares the existing methods and shortcomings of shaft broken fault detection, and synthesizes the demand and development of broken shaft fault prediction. Secondly, the changes of stiffness and dynamics in the running state of the shaft are analyzed from the angle of axial stress mechanism, and the feasibility of the new on-line prediction method is expounded, and the principle of the new on-line prediction system for broken shaft is analyzed. The structure of the whole prediction system is designed, and then the whole on-line system is developed. Finally, the real time detection of the broken shaft fault of the actual system is carried out, which proves the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.
【學位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH17

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