【摘要】：機(jī)械加工工藝是機(jī)械產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)通往實(shí)際生產(chǎn)的紐帶,由于零件工藝路線的制定過程對(duì)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境具有很強(qiáng)的依賴性,因此其設(shè)計(jì)過程具有很大的不確定性。不僅如此,機(jī)械加工工藝路線設(shè)計(jì)的好壞將直接影響到企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)效率、組織管理、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量以及產(chǎn)品的制造生命周期。近年來制造業(yè)的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)大都面臨多品種、小批量的生產(chǎn)模式。復(fù)雜圓柱零件是制造業(yè)的主要生產(chǎn)對(duì)象之一,復(fù)雜圓柱零件有著形狀結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、裝夾難度大、工藝設(shè)計(jì)困難等特點(diǎn)是制造行業(yè)面臨的主要問題之一。本文研究的內(nèi)容是復(fù)雜圓柱專用組合加工平臺(tái)的工藝決策及優(yōu)化問題,首先,提出基于蟻群算法的復(fù)雜圓柱零件工藝優(yōu)化決策方案,建立特征元工藝序列約束的數(shù)學(xué)模型；其次,對(duì)蟻群算法建模過程及基于蟻群算法的工藝優(yōu)化方案的數(shù)學(xué)建模過程進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的闡述,對(duì)使用該方案能夠得到滿足加工要求的工藝路線進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證；再次,為了提高基于蟻群算法的復(fù)雜圓柱零件工藝優(yōu)化決策方案的實(shí)用性,開發(fā)基于蟻群算法的工藝優(yōu)化系統(tǒng),并對(duì)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)過程進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的闡述；最后,對(duì)復(fù)雜圓柱零件的工裝夾具進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。具體研究?jī)?nèi)容如下：1.簡(jiǎn)單介紹了項(xiàng)目來源,探討了復(fù)雜圓柱類零件加工工藝的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,并對(duì)工藝優(yōu)化決策方案的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。2.對(duì)復(fù)雜圓柱零件工藝規(guī)劃中的約束問題進(jìn)行了分析,首先對(duì)零件的特征進(jìn)行了分類,并對(duì)常見典型零件特征的加工方案進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。著重分析了零件不同特征之間的約束關(guān)系,給出了特征元、加工元的定義,對(duì)特征工藝序列的約束問題進(jìn)行了數(shù)學(xué)建模,提出了約束矩陣的建立方法。3.提出了基于蟻群算法的工藝決策優(yōu)化方案,介紹了蟻群算法的建模方法,確定了基于蟻群算法的工藝優(yōu)化方案中的目標(biāo)函數(shù),提出了零件不同加工元之間的距離計(jì)算公式,建立了蟻群算法工藝優(yōu)化決策的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并用MATLAB2014a編寫了GUI界面,通過實(shí)例驗(yàn)證了該方法的可行性。4.開發(fā)了基于蟻群算法的工藝決策優(yōu)化系統(tǒng),并通過實(shí)例對(duì)該系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了測(cè)試,結(jié)果表明該系統(tǒng)能夠生成滿足加工要求的工藝路線。5.針對(duì)復(fù)雜圓柱零件單件、多品種、小批量的生產(chǎn)方式,設(shè)計(jì)了復(fù)雜圓柱零件生產(chǎn)過程中所需的組合夾具。
[Abstract]:Machining process is the link between mechanical product design and actual production. Because of the strong dependence on the production environment, the design process of mechanical product design process is very uncertain. Moreover, the quality of the process design will directly affect the production efficiency, organization and management, product quality and manufacturing life cycle of the enterprise. In recent years, manufacturing activities are mostly faced with a multi-variety, small-batch production model. Complex cylindrical parts are one of the main production objects in manufacturing industry. Complex cylindrical parts are one of the main problems faced by manufacturing industry because of their complex shape and structure, difficulty in clamping and difficulty in process design. The content of this paper is the process decision and optimization of the special machining platform for complex cylinder. Firstly, the process optimization decision scheme of complex cylindrical parts based on ant colony algorithm is proposed, and the mathematical model of characteristic element process sequence constraint is established. Secondly, the modeling process of ant colony algorithm and the mathematical modeling process of process optimization scheme based on ant colony algorithm are described in detail. In order to improve the practicability of the process optimization decision scheme of complex cylindrical parts based on ant colony algorithm, a process optimization system based on ant colony algorithm is developed, and the design process of the system is described in detail. The fixture of complex cylindrical parts is designed. The specific contents of the study are as follows: 1. This paper briefly introduces the source of the project, probes into the domestic and international research status of the machining technology of complex cylindrical parts, and summarizes the status quo of the process optimization decision scheme. The constraint problems in the process planning of complex cylindrical parts are analyzed. Firstly, the features of the parts are classified, and the machining schemes of common typical features are summarized. In this paper, the constraint relation among different features of parts is analyzed, the definition of feature element and machining element is given, the constraint problem of feature process sequence is modeled, and the method of establishing constraint matrix is put forward. The process decision optimization scheme based on ant colony algorithm is put forward, the modeling method of ant colony algorithm is introduced, the objective function of process optimization scheme based on ant colony algorithm is determined, and the calculating formula of distance between different machining elements of parts is put forward. The mathematical model of process optimization decision of ant colony algorithm is established, and the GUI interface is written with MATLAB2014a. The feasibility of the method is verified by an example. A process decision optimization system based on ant colony algorithm is developed, and the system is tested by an example. The results show that the system can generate a process route. 5. Aiming at the production mode of single, multi-variety and small batch of complex cylindrical parts, the combined fixture is designed in the production process of complex cylindrical parts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TH16

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