大型起重機(jī)臂架結(jié)構(gòu)失穩(wěn)載荷分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-16 16:07
【摘要】：大型起重機(jī)臂架是一種重載、柔性、細(xì)長(zhǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)由于具有起重量大、吊起高度高、工作幅度多樣、臂節(jié)組合靈活等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而廣泛用于高空吊裝行業(yè),是主要的承載部件。臂架結(jié)構(gòu)的長(zhǎng)度通�？梢赃_(dá)到幾十米甚至上百米。在重載情況下,結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)產(chǎn)生大位移,表現(xiàn)出幾何非線性的特點(diǎn),其平衡路徑追蹤和失穩(wěn)載荷求解等問(wèn)題一直以來(lái)都是分析的難點(diǎn)。隨著現(xiàn)代計(jì)算技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和實(shí)際需要的日新月異,使這類結(jié)構(gòu)不斷朝著更稀疏、更細(xì)長(zhǎng)的方向持續(xù)優(yōu)化。通常而言,結(jié)構(gòu)越細(xì)長(zhǎng)就越有可能在破壞前發(fā)生失穩(wěn)。此外,由于起重機(jī)臂架起重性能分析需要考慮機(jī)構(gòu)約束、多工況和自重等因素,因此迫切地需要一種高效地計(jì)算這類結(jié)構(gòu)失穩(wěn)載荷的方法。為了高效地求解大型起重機(jī)臂架結(jié)構(gòu)的臨界載荷,本文在高效建模方法和失穩(wěn)載荷快速求解方法等方面進(jìn)行了研究和探討�，F(xiàn)在的大型工業(yè)設(shè)備或者建筑結(jié)構(gòu)都是很多標(biāo)準(zhǔn)部件組成的。本文提出一個(gè)大型結(jié)構(gòu)的整體分析方案,把設(shè)計(jì)階段既有的部件有限元模型作為子結(jié)構(gòu),通過(guò)直接給出不同部件在公共邊界上節(jié)點(diǎn)位移的關(guān)系,將部件界面縫合起來(lái)用于整體分析,避免了傳統(tǒng)方法需要構(gòu)造的復(fù)雜界面單元,大幅提高了建模效率。大型起重機(jī)的臂架結(jié)構(gòu)是由一系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)臂節(jié)相繼連接而成,具有周期性的特點(diǎn)。因此,應(yīng)用本文所提的整體分析方案,可以一次性將型號(hào)相同的臂節(jié)建立成臂節(jié)單元,模型數(shù)據(jù)可以重復(fù)用于不同類型、不同長(zhǎng)度的臂架結(jié)構(gòu)分析,節(jié)省了建模時(shí)間。部件界面縫合方法也可以用于其他大型結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元分析,節(jié)省了整體結(jié)構(gòu)建模的工作量,拓展了子結(jié)構(gòu)方法的應(yīng)用。臂架自重對(duì)其穩(wěn)定性分析有很大的影響。為了建立考慮重力影響的臂節(jié)單元,本文首先通過(guò)引入重力載荷影響系數(shù)矩陣,把重力離散到臂節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)的每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)上。然后,將臂架以臂節(jié)為單位劃分成多個(gè)臂節(jié)單元,在每個(gè)臂節(jié)上建立一個(gè)隨結(jié)構(gòu)一起運(yùn)動(dòng)的局部坐標(biāo)系,并將交界面節(jié)點(diǎn)定義為邊界節(jié)點(diǎn)。由于臂節(jié)內(nèi)部節(jié)點(diǎn)除重力外不再受其他外力的作用,將內(nèi)部節(jié)點(diǎn)的位移表示成局部位移和坐標(biāo)系位移的組合,從而將重力做功分解成局部位移對(duì)應(yīng)重力做功和坐標(biāo)系位移對(duì)應(yīng)重力做功兩部分。在此基礎(chǔ)上,將內(nèi)部節(jié)點(diǎn)的局部位移由邊界節(jié)點(diǎn)的局部位移表示,提出了考慮重力影響的臂節(jié)內(nèi)部自由度減縮方法。接著,推導(dǎo)了臂節(jié)單元邊界節(jié)點(diǎn)位移和邊界節(jié)點(diǎn)力之間的關(guān)系,得到了由邊界節(jié)點(diǎn)位移參數(shù)描述的臂節(jié)單元廣義節(jié)點(diǎn)力表達(dá)式,并解析地給出了節(jié)點(diǎn)力平衡方程的切線剛度陣。本文采用共旋坐標(biāo)法考慮臂架結(jié)構(gòu)的幾何非線性效應(yīng),并將變幅機(jī)構(gòu)與臂架結(jié)構(gòu)視為整體系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定性分析,推導(dǎo)了變幅機(jī)構(gòu)施加在臂架上的非線性外力。實(shí)際工程中,需要對(duì)同一類型起重機(jī)進(jìn)行多工況穩(wěn)定性分析,傳統(tǒng)的求解穩(wěn)定性的增量法和各種弧長(zhǎng)法在求解效率上難以滿足要求�？紤]到起重機(jī)的變化載荷只有吊重這一項(xiàng),本文通過(guò)將平衡方程對(duì)載荷求導(dǎo),把傳統(tǒng)的路徑跟蹤問(wèn)題轉(zhuǎn)化為微分方程的求解問(wèn)題。通過(guò)求解微分方程并結(jié)合失穩(wěn)判斷準(zhǔn)則,可以快速得到臂架結(jié)構(gòu)的失穩(wěn)載荷。應(yīng)用本文所提方法編寫(xiě)了大型起重機(jī)臂架結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性分析軟件,分別對(duì)實(shí)際工程中多種含腰繩起重機(jī)臂架結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了臨界載荷求解。結(jié)果表明,本文所提方法能夠高效地求解臂架結(jié)構(gòu)的臨界載荷,可以作為臂架結(jié)構(gòu)起重性能分析的參考。
[Abstract]:The arm frame of a large crane is a heavy load, flexible, slender structure. This structure is widely used in high altitude hoisting industry because of its large weight, high lifting height, variety of working amplitude, flexible arm joint and so on. It is the main bearing part. The length of the arm structure can usually reach tens or even hundreds of meters. Under heavy load, the structure is loaded. With the development of the modern computing technology and the changing of the actual needs, this kind of structure continues to be thinner and more elongated. In general, the structure is finer. The longer it is, the more likely it is to lose stability before the damage. In addition, because the crane arm erect performance analysis needs to consider the mechanism constraints, multiple conditions and self weight factors, it is urgently needed to efficiently calculate the instability load of this kind of structure. In order to efficiently solve the critical load of the arm frame structure of large crane, this paper is efficient in this paper. The modeling method and the fast calculation method of unstable load are studied and discussed. The present large-scale industrial equipment or building structure is composed of many standard components. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis scheme of a large structure is proposed. The finite element model of the components of the components at the design stage is taken as the substructure and the different parts are given directly. The relationship between the displacement of the node on the common boundary, suturing the component interface to the whole analysis, avoiding the complex interface unit which the traditional method needs to construct, greatly improves the modeling efficiency. The boom structure of the large crane is connected by a series of standard arm joints, and has the periodic characteristics. Therefore, the application of this paper is proposed. As a whole, the same type of arm joint can be set up as the arm joint unit at one time. The model data can be used repeatedly for the analysis of different types and length of the arm structure, and the modeling time can be saved. The interface stitching method can also be used in the finite element analysis of other large structures, thus saving the workload of the whole structure modeling. The application of the substructure method is extended. The weight of the arm has a great influence on the stability analysis of the arm. In order to establish the arm node element with the influence of gravity, this paper first introduces gravity to each node of the arm joint by introducing the influence coefficient matrix of gravity load to each node of the arm joint structure, and then divides the arm frame into a number of arm segments with the arm segment. In each arm, a local coordinate system which moves along with the structure is established and the intersection node is defined as a boundary node. The internal node's displacement is represented by the displacement of the local node and the coordinates of the coordinate system because the internal node of the arm node is no longer affected by the other external forces. On the basis of this, the local displacement of the internal node is represented by the local displacement of the boundary node on this basis. On this basis, the internal displacement of the inner node is represented by the local displacement of the boundary node. The method of reducing the internal freedom of the arm joint with the influence of gravity is proposed. Then, the relationship between the boundary node displacement of the arm node element and the force of the boundary node is deduced, and the relationship between the boundary node displacement and the boundary node force is derived. The generalized nodal force expression of the arm node element is described by the displacement parameters of the boundary node, and the tangent stiffness matrix of the node force balance equation is analytically given. In this paper, the geometric nonlinear effect of the arm frame is considered by the co rotation coordinate method, and the stability analysis of the variable amplitude mechanism and the arm structure is considered as a whole system, and the variable amplitude mechanism is derived. The nonlinear external force applied on the arm frame. In practical engineering, it is necessary to analyze the stability of the same type of crane in multiple working conditions. The traditional incremental method for solving stability and the various arc length methods are difficult to meet the requirements of the solving efficiency. Considering that the load of the crane is only the lifting weight, the equilibrium equation is used to calculate the load. The traditional path tracking problem is transformed into the solving problem of differential equations. By solving the differential equation and combining the instability criterion, the instability load of the arm structure can be quickly obtained. The software for the stability analysis of the boom structure of a large crane is written in this paper. The critical load of the arm structure is solved. The results show that the proposed method can efficiently solve the critical load of the arm structure, and can be used as a reference for the analysis of the lifting performance of the arm frame structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TH21
本文編號(hào)：2126912
[Abstract]:The arm frame of a large crane is a heavy load, flexible, slender structure. This structure is widely used in high altitude hoisting industry because of its large weight, high lifting height, variety of working amplitude, flexible arm joint and so on. It is the main bearing part. The length of the arm structure can usually reach tens or even hundreds of meters. Under heavy load, the structure is loaded. With the development of the modern computing technology and the changing of the actual needs, this kind of structure continues to be thinner and more elongated. In general, the structure is finer. The longer it is, the more likely it is to lose stability before the damage. In addition, because the crane arm erect performance analysis needs to consider the mechanism constraints, multiple conditions and self weight factors, it is urgently needed to efficiently calculate the instability load of this kind of structure. In order to efficiently solve the critical load of the arm frame structure of large crane, this paper is efficient in this paper. The modeling method and the fast calculation method of unstable load are studied and discussed. The present large-scale industrial equipment or building structure is composed of many standard components. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis scheme of a large structure is proposed. The finite element model of the components of the components at the design stage is taken as the substructure and the different parts are given directly. The relationship between the displacement of the node on the common boundary, suturing the component interface to the whole analysis, avoiding the complex interface unit which the traditional method needs to construct, greatly improves the modeling efficiency. The boom structure of the large crane is connected by a series of standard arm joints, and has the periodic characteristics. Therefore, the application of this paper is proposed. As a whole, the same type of arm joint can be set up as the arm joint unit at one time. The model data can be used repeatedly for the analysis of different types and length of the arm structure, and the modeling time can be saved. The interface stitching method can also be used in the finite element analysis of other large structures, thus saving the workload of the whole structure modeling. The application of the substructure method is extended. The weight of the arm has a great influence on the stability analysis of the arm. In order to establish the arm node element with the influence of gravity, this paper first introduces gravity to each node of the arm joint by introducing the influence coefficient matrix of gravity load to each node of the arm joint structure, and then divides the arm frame into a number of arm segments with the arm segment. In each arm, a local coordinate system which moves along with the structure is established and the intersection node is defined as a boundary node. The internal node's displacement is represented by the displacement of the local node and the coordinates of the coordinate system because the internal node of the arm node is no longer affected by the other external forces. On the basis of this, the local displacement of the internal node is represented by the local displacement of the boundary node on this basis. On this basis, the internal displacement of the inner node is represented by the local displacement of the boundary node. The method of reducing the internal freedom of the arm joint with the influence of gravity is proposed. Then, the relationship between the boundary node displacement of the arm node element and the force of the boundary node is deduced, and the relationship between the boundary node displacement and the boundary node force is derived. The generalized nodal force expression of the arm node element is described by the displacement parameters of the boundary node, and the tangent stiffness matrix of the node force balance equation is analytically given. In this paper, the geometric nonlinear effect of the arm frame is considered by the co rotation coordinate method, and the stability analysis of the variable amplitude mechanism and the arm structure is considered as a whole system, and the variable amplitude mechanism is derived. The nonlinear external force applied on the arm frame. In practical engineering, it is necessary to analyze the stability of the same type of crane in multiple working conditions. The traditional incremental method for solving stability and the various arc length methods are difficult to meet the requirements of the solving efficiency. Considering that the load of the crane is only the lifting weight, the equilibrium equation is used to calculate the load. The traditional path tracking problem is transformed into the solving problem of differential equations. By solving the differential equation and combining the instability criterion, the instability load of the arm structure can be quickly obtained. The software for the stability analysis of the boom structure of a large crane is written in this paper. The critical load of the arm structure is solved. The results show that the proposed method can efficiently solve the critical load of the arm structure, and can be used as a reference for the analysis of the lifting performance of the arm frame structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TH21
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