本文選題：滾動軸承 + 聲發(fā)射波形流信號��； 參考：《東北石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：滾動軸承是一種精密的機(jī)械基礎(chǔ)件,廣泛應(yīng)用于各種機(jī)械設(shè)備,其運行狀態(tài)好壞直接影響到整臺機(jī)器能否安全運行。滾動軸承處于故障狀態(tài)時,運行過程有異常聲信號的產(chǎn)生,可利用聲發(fā)射檢測方法對滾動軸承狀態(tài)進(jìn)行檢測。與振動信號相比,聲發(fā)射信號頻率范圍較寬,利用其高頻段信號進(jìn)行故障診斷,可以有效地抑制其他低頻干擾信號。然而傳統(tǒng)的聲發(fā)射技術(shù)采集的信號是間斷性、非連續(xù)的,采集不到完整的周期性信號,聲發(fā)射波形流技術(shù)能夠?qū)⒉ㄐ螖?shù)據(jù)連續(xù)的記入計算機(jī)的物理內(nèi)存,以高采樣率完成固定長度的周期性聲發(fā)射信號采集,可以實時、長時間的采集連續(xù)型聲發(fā)射信號。另外,采用聲發(fā)射波形流技術(shù)進(jìn)行信號分析時,既可查看多周期的波形流數(shù)據(jù),同時也可對局部波形流進(jìn)行放大分析研究。滾動軸承的聲信號具有周期性,所以采用此方法對滾動軸承信號進(jìn)行采集能夠體現(xiàn)波形流技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢。本文以型號為N205EM和NU205EM的滾動軸承為研究對象,對滾動軸承主要故障形式及成因進(jìn)行分析,計算滾動軸承固有頻率,通過實測頻率與滾動軸承固有頻率對比判斷滾動軸承故障的發(fā)生及類型。搭建滾動軸承故障模擬測試系統(tǒng),用電火花加工的方法在滾動軸承的外圈、內(nèi)圈及滾動體進(jìn)行人為破壞,模擬滾動軸承的外圈故障、內(nèi)圈故障和滾動體故障,利用滾動軸承故障模擬測試系統(tǒng)采集滾動軸承不同狀態(tài)不同轉(zhuǎn)速下的聲發(fā)射波形流信號和振動信號。通過時域分析對滾動軸承振動信號和聲發(fā)射波形流信號進(jìn)行對比,在轉(zhuǎn)速較低的情況下,振動信號較靈敏。隨著轉(zhuǎn)速的增加,聲發(fā)射波形流信號呈現(xiàn)出明顯的周期特性,能夠更好的表征故障,可對固定周期的聲發(fā)射波形流信號進(jìn)行分析判斷軸承故障的發(fā)生。運用短時能量法對滾動軸承聲發(fā)射波形流信號進(jìn)行分析,采用聲發(fā)射波形流技術(shù)采集的聲信號在轉(zhuǎn)速較高時周期性明顯,可通過短時能量法初步判斷滾動軸承故障的產(chǎn)生。運用譜分析對滾動軸承聲發(fā)射波形流信號和振動信號進(jìn)行分析,運用包絡(luò)譜分析和功率譜分析時能夠判斷故障的產(chǎn)生,但由于噪聲的影響,不能提取滾動軸承運轉(zhuǎn)過程中的實測頻率,因此不能準(zhǔn)確判斷故障的具體類型。利用結(jié)合包絡(luò)譜分析的雙譜分析對滾動軸承故障的聲發(fā)射波形流信號進(jìn)行分析診斷。通過雙譜分析三維圖、等高線圖及切片圖,得到滾動軸承運轉(zhuǎn)過程中不同故障類型的峰值頻率,與滾動軸承不同故障固有特征頻率的理論值之間具有很好的一致性�？蓪崿F(xiàn)滾動軸承不同故障的早期診斷。
[Abstract]:Rolling bearing is a kind of precise mechanical foundation, which is widely used in all kinds of mechanical equipment. The running state of the rolling bearing directly affects the safe operation of the whole machine. When the rolling bearing is in the state of failure, the abnormal sound signal is produced in the running process. The sound emission detection method can be used to detect the state of the rolling bearing. The frequency range of the acoustic emission signal is wide, and the fault diagnosis can effectively suppress the other low-frequency interference signals. However, the traditional acoustic emission signals are discontinuous and discontinuous, and the complete periodic signals are not collected. The acoustic emission waveform flow technique can keep the continuous recording of the waveform data. In the physical memory of the computer, the periodic acoustic emission signals of fixed length are collected at high sampling rate, and the continuous acoustic emission signals can be collected in real time and for a long time. In addition, when the acoustic emission waveform flow is used to analyze the signal, it can not only view the data of the multi cycle waveform flow, but also magnify the local waveform flow. Research. The sound signal of rolling bearing is periodic, so using this method to collect the signal of rolling bearing can reflect the advantage of wave flow technology. This paper takes the rolling bearing of N205EM and NU205EM as the research object, analyses the main fault forms and causes of rolling bearing, calculates the natural frequency of rolling bearing, and through the actual The frequency of measurement and the natural frequency of rolling bearing judge the occurrence and type of rolling bearing fault, build a rolling bearing fault simulation test system, use the method of EDM to destroy the outer ring, inner ring and rolling body of the rolling bearing, simulate the outer ring of the rolling bearing, the inner ring fault and the rolling body fault, and use the rolling shaft. The bearing fault simulation test system collects the acoustic emission wave and vibration signals of the rolling bearings at different speeds and different speeds. Through the time domain analysis, the vibration signals of the rolling bearings and the acoustic emission waveform flow signals are compared. The vibration signals are more sensitive when the rotational speed is low. With the speed increasing, the acoustic emission waveform flow signals are presented. There is obvious periodic characteristic, which can better characterize the fault, and can analyze the occurrence of bearing fault with the fixed period acoustic emission wave signal. The short time energy method is used to analyze the acoustic emission waveform flow signal of the rolling bearing, and the sound signal of the acoustic emission waveform flow collection is obvious at a high speed when the speed is high. The generation of rolling bearing fault is preliminarily judged by short time energy method. The spectrum analysis is used to analyze the wave signal and vibration signal of the acoustic emission of rolling bearings. The fault can be judged by the envelope spectrum analysis and power spectrum analysis, but the actual frequency of the rolling bearing can not be extracted because of the influence of the noise. The specific type of the fault can not be accurately judged. By using the bispectrum analysis combined with the envelope spectrum analysis, the acoustic emission waveform flow signal of the rolling bearing fault is analyzed and diagnosed. The peak frequency of different fault types in the running process of the rolling bearing is obtained by the bispectrum analysis three-dimensional graph, the contour map and the slice map, and the different fault solid of the rolling bearing is fixed. Good agreement between theoretical values with characteristic frequencies can be achieved for early diagnosis of different faults of rolling bearings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH133.33
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本文編號：2110279