本文選題：旋轉(zhuǎn)機械 + 小波降噪��； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：旋轉(zhuǎn)機械作為大多數(shù)機械設(shè)備的主要組成部分，經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)各種各樣的故障，而轉(zhuǎn)子不平衡和轉(zhuǎn)子彎曲又是其中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的兩種故障。有轉(zhuǎn)軸的機械設(shè)備大多數(shù)都會存在滾動軸承，而滾動軸承也是常用且容易產(chǎn)生故障的部件。在實際工作中，旋轉(zhuǎn)機械往往會有多種故障同時出現(xiàn)的情況。這種情況更加復(fù)雜，越來越受到人們的重視，準(zhǔn)確的診斷出這些故障對于設(shè)備的正常運行和生產(chǎn)安全有著重要的意義。 本文以轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)為研究對象，主要運用小波降噪理論、EMD理論以及沖擊脈沖法對于滾動軸承與轉(zhuǎn)子不平衡的復(fù)合故障、滾動軸承與轉(zhuǎn)子彎曲的復(fù)合故障進行了診斷，同時對滾動軸承的內(nèi)圈故障、外圈故障以及滾動體故障進行了診斷。 首先，通過在機械綜合故障模擬試驗臺上模擬各種單一故障和復(fù)合故障，轉(zhuǎn)速分別設(shè)置為1000rpm、1500rpm、2000rpm、2500rpm和3000rpm，提取振動信號。對于提取的原始信號利用小波理論進行降噪處理，降低了噪聲的干擾。 其次，對降噪后的信號用EMD進行分解，針對EMD存在的端點效應(yīng)問題，運用了端點鏡像延拓的方法進行了改進，，成功的運用到復(fù)合故障的診斷中。對于EMD分解出來的包含故障的IMF成份求解功率譜，并與正常狀態(tài)和單一故障作對比，從而診斷出該系統(tǒng)同時存在兩種復(fù)合故障。 針對滾動軸承的故障，先用沖擊脈沖法（SPM）進行初步的診斷，確定了滾動軸承存在故障，但是沖擊脈沖法無法確定發(fā)生故障的部分，因此利用MATLAB編寫程序求頻譜。從頻譜圖中，診斷滾動軸承發(fā)生故障部位，并把復(fù)合故障的兩種故障分離開，并且分別確定每一種故障，從而實現(xiàn)了故障診斷。 最后，對內(nèi)圈故障分別與轉(zhuǎn)子不平衡和轉(zhuǎn)子彎曲復(fù)合，然后與只有內(nèi)圈故障的情況下對比，觀察各自曲線趨勢，得到高轉(zhuǎn)速下復(fù)合另一種故障對原來故障影響明顯，低轉(zhuǎn)速下幾乎沒有影響，而且復(fù)合轉(zhuǎn)子不平衡和轉(zhuǎn)子彎曲對于內(nèi)圈故障的振動幅值影響差距不大，但都是復(fù)合轉(zhuǎn)子不平衡的影響更明顯；同樣對外圈故障和滾動體故障也進行上述的對比，也有相同的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:As the main component of most mechanical equipment, rotating machinery often occurs a variety of faults, and rotor unbalance and rotor bending are two common faults. Rolling bearings are often found in mechanical equipment with rotating shafts, which are also commonly used and prone to malfunction. In practice, rotating machinery often has a variety of failures at the same time. This situation is more and more complex, more and more people pay attention to, accurate diagnosis of these faults for the normal operation of equipment and production safety has an important significance. In this paper, the rotor system is taken as the research object. The EMD theory of wavelet noise reduction and the impulse pulse method are mainly used to diagnose the complex faults of the imbalance between the rolling bearing and the rotor, and the composite fault of the rolling bearing and the rotor bending. At the same time, the inner ring fault, outer ring fault and rolling body fault of rolling bearing are diagnosed. First of all, by simulating each kind of single fault and compound fault on the mechanical comprehensive fault simulation test bench, the rotational speed is set to 1000rpmO1500rpmC2000 RPM 2500rpm and 3000rpm respectively, and the vibration signal is extracted. For the original signal, wavelet theory is used to reduce the noise. Secondly, the de-noised signal is decomposed by EMD, and the method of endpoint image continuation is improved to solve the problem of end-point effect in EMD, which is successfully applied to the diagnosis of complex faults. The power spectrum of the IMF component which is decomposed by EMD is solved and compared with the normal state and the single fault so that the system has two kinds of complex faults simultaneously. In view of the fault of rolling bearing, the initial diagnosis is carried out by impulse pulse method (SPM), and the fault of rolling bearing is determined, but the part of fault can not be determined by impulse pulse method, so we use MATLAB to program the frequency spectrum. From the spectrum diagram, the fault location of rolling bearing is diagnosed, and the two kinds of fault of compound fault are separated, and each kind of fault is determined separately, thus the fault diagnosis is realized. Finally, the inner ring fault is combined with rotor unbalance and rotor bending respectively, and then compared with only inner ring fault, the trend of each curve is observed, and the influence of complex other fault at high speed on the original fault is obvious. At low speed, there is little effect on the vibration amplitude of the inner ring fault, but the effect of the complex rotor unbalance is more obvious than that of the complex rotor unbalance and the rotor bending has little effect on the vibration amplitude of the inner ring fault. The same comparison is made between the outer ring fault and the rolling body fault, and the same conclusion is reached.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TH165.3

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 周俊麗;周久華;;滾動軸承故障機理與診斷策略[J];四川兵工學(xué)報;2012年04期

2 孫保蒼;葉啟海;邱飛宇;;含松動與碰摩的轉(zhuǎn)子-軸承系統(tǒng)非線性行為分析[J];潤滑與密封;2007年05期

本文編號：2037751