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  本文選題：四點正交差分法 + 誤差運動測試��； 參考：《大連理工大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：軸系中的回轉(zhuǎn)軸,其理想運動是單自由度的回轉(zhuǎn)運動,而真實運動狀態(tài)則是復雜的空間六自由度運動,實際運動偏離理想運動的部分即為誤差運動。本文以剛體運動學為基礎,描述了回轉(zhuǎn)軸的空間運動,揭示了軸系的誤差運動測試與回轉(zhuǎn)軸空間六自由度位姿的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,并對誤差運動的大小進行了評價和衡量。為準確分析軸系回轉(zhuǎn)精度、研制空間誤差運動測試裝置提供了理論依據(jù),具有一定的實用價值和應用前景。首先,將回轉(zhuǎn)軸的運動等效為剛體的空間六自由度運動,采用齊次坐標變換的方法描述了回轉(zhuǎn)軸的空間位姿,得到了軸上的觀測點在靜坐標系下的位移與剛體六個自由度的運動分量之間的關系,提出了軸系空間誤差運動的概念,并分析了誤差運動測量結(jié)果與回轉(zhuǎn)軸的空間位姿之間的關系。其次,分析了回轉(zhuǎn)軸徑向運動的頻率分量和周期特性,提出了四點正交差分法來實現(xiàn)軸系的徑向誤差運動測試,通過MATLAB算例對該方法進行驗證。在此基礎上,設計了軸系空間誤差運動的試驗方案,在兩個平行截面上采用四點法,同時在軸端面進行軸向測量,通過計算可得到空間五個自由度的誤差運動分量。對回轉(zhuǎn)誤差測試試驗臺進行改造,并對由試驗臺安裝誤差導致的系統(tǒng)誤差進行了簡要分析�？臻g誤差運動試驗共進行了三組,按空間方向誤差和位置誤差對軸系的空間誤差運動進行數(shù)值評價,傾角運動的球面最小包絡圓直徑為0.107281μm,對應繞X軸和Y軸的最大傾角分別是0°0'13.57″和0°0'9.30",徑向運動軌跡的平面最小包絡圓直徑為26.7563μm,軸向運動的曲線峰谷差值為9.324μm,符合一般精度軸承裝配起來的簡單軸系的回轉(zhuǎn)精度情況。最后,用動態(tài)測量不確定度對徑向誤差運動的單圈重復性進行了分析,按最大極差評價為8.6675μm,按最大標準差評價為2.8896μm,說明了徑向誤差運動具有一定的單圈重復性。對徑向傳感器測量數(shù)據(jù)的多圈周期性進行了分析,在另外兩組連續(xù)40圈回轉(zhuǎn)的測試中,測量數(shù)據(jù)波動周期約為5圈,基本符合計算結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:The ideal motion of the rotation axis in the shaft system is a single degree of freedom rotational motion, while the real motion state is a complex spatial six degree of freedom motion. The actual motion deviating from the ideal motion is the error motion. Based on the rigid body kinematics, this paper describes the spatial motion of the rotation axis, reveals the inherent relationship between the measurement of the error motion of the shaft system and the position of six degrees of freedom in the rotation axis space, and evaluates and measures the magnitude of the error motion. It provides a theoretical basis for the accurate analysis of the rotation accuracy of shafting and the development of a measuring device for spatial error motion. It has certain practical value and application prospect. Firstly, the motion of rotation axis is equivalent to that of rigid body with six degrees of freedom, and the pose of rotation axis is described by the method of homogeneous coordinate transformation. The relation between the displacement of the observation point on the axis and the motion component of six degrees of freedom of the rigid body in the static coordinate system is obtained, and the concept of the spatial error motion of the shaft system is put forward. The relationship between the error motion measurement results and the spatial position and attitude of the rotation axis is analyzed. Secondly, the frequency components and periodic characteristics of radial motion of rotary shaft are analyzed, and a four-point orthogonal difference method is proposed to test the radial error motion of shaft system, and the method is verified by MATLAB example. On this basis, the experimental scheme of the spatial error motion of the shafting is designed. The four-point method is adopted on two parallel sections, and the axial measurement is carried out at the same time. The error motion components of five degrees of freedom in space can be obtained by calculation. The system error caused by the installation error of the test bed is analyzed briefly. Three groups of spatial error motion tests were carried out, and the spatial error motion of shafting was evaluated numerically according to spatial direction error and position error. The minimum envelope circle diameter of obliquity motion is 0.107281 渭 m, the maximum inclination angle about X axis and Y axis is 0 擄0N 13.57 "and 0 擄0N 9.30", respectively. The plane minimum envelope circle diameter of radial motion track is 26.7563 渭 m, and the curve peak and valley difference of axial motion is 9.324 渭 m. The rotation accuracy of a simple shaft system assembled with general precision bearings. Finally, the single loop repeatability of radial error motion is analyzed by dynamic measurement uncertainty. The maximum range is 8.6675 渭 m and the maximum standard deviation is 2.8896 渭 m, which shows that the radial error motion has a certain single loop repeatability. The periodicity of the measurement data of radial sensor is analyzed. The fluctuation period of the measured data is about 5 cycles in the other two groups of continuous 40 turns, which basically accords with the calculated results.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TH113.2;TH133.2

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本文編號：2008221