本文選題：漸開線圓柱齒輪 + 真實(shí)齒面��； 參考：《西北工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：針對艦船、航空齒輪箱中的直齒輪、斜齒輪及人字齒輪,以齒輪嚙合理論、有限元方法為基礎(chǔ),圍繞修形齒面建模、實(shí)際齒面的建模、幾何嚙合仿真、承載嚙合仿真、應(yīng)力過程仿真、不同應(yīng)用場合齒輪的目標(biāo)修形優(yōu)化、多軸聯(lián)動多自由度數(shù)控加工及高階傳動誤差齒面設(shè)計(jì)展開,系統(tǒng)地進(jìn)行理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,總結(jié)出一套具有工程使用價(jià)值的齒面修形優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)軟件和方法,達(dá)到提高傳動系統(tǒng)平穩(wěn)性,降低振動噪聲的目的,論文主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)對齒輪承載接觸分析模型進(jìn)行完善,給出考慮基節(jié)誤差的承載接觸分析計(jì)算方法,結(jié)果表明:基節(jié)誤差放大了承載傳動誤差幅值,引起較大振動及載荷分配的不均勻。對修形人字齒輪三維有限元進(jìn)行精確齒面控制建模和裝配,按照Abaqus有限元軟件輸入文件的編寫規(guī)則進(jìn)行批處理加載分析,并與承載接觸分析方法的結(jié)果對比,表明了二者分析結(jié)果一致性,驗(yàn)證了本文承載接觸分析方法的正確性與高效性。(2)建立基于齒面坐標(biāo)測量的真實(shí)齒面模型,采用理論齒面疊加法向偏差曲面表達(dá)實(shí)際齒面,推導(dǎo)實(shí)際齒面接觸過程,相對直接通過復(fù)雜曲面擬合的數(shù)字齒面,提高了計(jì)算效率和擬合精度。(3)提出的斜齒輪對角修形能夠保證修形后齒面瞬時接觸線長度不變,在減振降噪的同時,兼顧了齒輪的強(qiáng)度,三維拓?fù)湫扌握鎸?shí)反映齒面實(shí)際狀況。齒面修形優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)以承載接觸分析為基礎(chǔ),從減振、降噪、提高強(qiáng)度為出發(fā)點(diǎn),分別以承載傳動誤差幅值最小、嚙合線相對振動最小、齒面閃溫最小、齒面載荷均勻及多個目標(biāo)進(jìn)行修形優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。結(jié)果表明:齒廓修形后,輪齒接觸區(qū)潤滑狀態(tài)改善,導(dǎo)致齒面閃溫減小,直齒輪單齒嚙合區(qū)內(nèi)閃溫變化不明顯;人字齒輪的軸向竄動是左右齒面間隙相互補(bǔ)償?shù)倪^程,齒向修形與軸向竄動相互補(bǔ)充,保證了齒面載荷整體上均勻;隨轉(zhuǎn)速、載荷的增加,嚙合沖擊逐漸增大,且隨轉(zhuǎn)速增加,嚙合沖擊激勵較剛度激勵的振動更加明顯,因此系統(tǒng)共振的敏感性降低,多載荷承載傳動誤差幅值反映了振動隨載荷變化趨勢;人字齒輪軸向位移激勵對嚙合線方向振動無影響,軸向位移激勵是引起軸向、扭擺方向振動的主要原因;修形降低了嚙合激勵,因此,有效降低了系統(tǒng)振動。(4)根據(jù)空間齒輪嚙合原理,建立修形齒面多軸、多自由度的多種數(shù)控加工模型。基于刀具廓形修形及機(jī)床各軸運(yùn)動敏感性分析,通過優(yōu)化齒面誤差最小,得到刀具修形參數(shù)及機(jī)床各軸運(yùn)動參數(shù)。結(jié)果表明:(1)根據(jù)齒廓修形齒面反算砂輪廓形,進(jìn)行數(shù)控五軸聯(lián)動成形磨削,可實(shí)現(xiàn)拓?fù)湫扌锡X面的高精度加工;(2)平面砂輪磨齒時,沿齒向方向壓力角、螺旋角、展成角附加運(yùn)動可分別實(shí)現(xiàn)一定的對角修形加工,機(jī)床增加齒向運(yùn)動,可減小平面砂輪半徑,用于磨削大螺旋角、大齒寬對角修形斜齒輪;(3)當(dāng)滾刀有齒向修形時,再增加合理的切向運(yùn)動,使得滾切過程中,產(chǎn)生沿齒向方向齒形的連續(xù)變化,彌補(bǔ)了傳統(tǒng)加工產(chǎn)生的齒形扭曲;修形滾刀齒形及增加切向運(yùn)動可實(shí)現(xiàn)一定的拓?fù)湫扌锡X面加工;(4)錐面砂輪沿軸向沖程運(yùn)動時,通過等粗糙度磨齒法,確定砂輪每次沖程的徑向位置及沖程總次數(shù),與通用的勻速展成及徑向均速展成磨齒法相比,可顯著減小理論粗糙度值,該方法可磨削更為復(fù)雜的修形齒面;砂輪沿齒向沖程運(yùn)動磨削對角修形斜齒輪時,沖程方向與接觸線方向一致,根據(jù)展成原理求解工件附加運(yùn)動,數(shù)控編程簡單,其關(guān)鍵技術(shù)為嚙入點(diǎn)的準(zhǔn)確對刀,對角修形磨齒試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了該方法的正確性。(5)為了進(jìn)一步降低輪齒振動,提出一種考慮展成磨齒加工的高階傳動誤差齒面設(shè)計(jì)方法,通過優(yōu)化承載傳動誤差幅值最小確定其曲線及加工參數(shù);對比斜齒輪2階、4階及高階傳動誤差齒面的承載傳動誤差表明:無修形齒輪由于重合度不變,隨載荷增加承載傳動誤差幅值不斷增加;修形后隨載荷增加,齒面間隙逐漸減小,重合度不斷增加,承載傳動誤差幅值逐漸降低,當(dāng)齒面間隙完全消除后,重合度不再變化,隨載荷的增加,承載傳動誤差幅值逐漸增大;對于高重合度齒輪副,高階傳動誤差齒面更能有效降低承載傳動誤差幅值,因?yàn)槠淝�自由度較高,更有利于降低多齒對嚙合引起的重合度變化;通過修形齒面曲率分析,表明平面砂輪進(jìn)行展成磨削高階傳動誤差齒面是可行的,不存在干涉;除此之外,提出一種考慮接觸印痕的內(nèi)凹型高階傳動誤差齒面,結(jié)果充分證明其更能有效降低輪齒承載傳動誤差幅值,其內(nèi)凹程度受載荷大小影響。(6)齒面振動試驗(yàn)表明修形齒輪具有更好的動態(tài)性能,在設(shè)計(jì)載荷處,傳動誤差和振動幅值均能夠下降30%或更多,驗(yàn)證了本項(xiàng)目的理論方法是可以用于工程實(shí)踐的。
[Abstract]:The spur gear, helical gear and character gear in the gear box are based on the gear meshing theory and the finite element method. It is based on the gear meshing theory and the finite element method. The modeling of the tooth surface, the actual tooth surface modeling, the geometric meshing simulation, the bearing meshing simulation, the stress process simulation, the optimization of the target modification of the different application field gear, the multi axis multi freedom numerical control adding. The design of work and high order transmission error tooth surface design is carried out, the theoretical and experimental research is carried out systematically. A set of software and method for the optimization design of tooth surface modification with engineering value is summed up to improve the smoothness of the transmission system and reduce the vibration noise. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the contact analysis model of gear bearing is carried out. The calculation method of bearing contact analysis considering the base error is given. The results show that the base error magnifies the amplitude of the bearing transmission error and causes the uneven distribution of the vibration and load. The modeling and assembly of the precise tooth surface control for the three-dimensional finite element of the modified human character gear is made according to the compiling of the Abaqus finite element software. Then, the batch loading analysis is carried out and compared with the results of the bearing contact analysis method. The results show the consistency of the two analysis results, and verify the correctness and efficiency of the contact analysis method in this paper. (2) a real tooth surface model based on the coordinate measurement of tooth surface is established, and the actual tooth surface is expressed by the superposition method of theory tooth surface to the deviation surface, and the actual tooth surface is expressed by the theory of theory tooth surface superposition. The contact process of the actual tooth surface can improve the calculation efficiency and the fitting precision relative to the digital tooth surface fitted directly by the complex surface. (3) the diagonal modification of the helical gear can ensure that the length of the instantaneous contact line of the tooth surface can be kept constant, while the strength of the gear wheel is taken into account while the vibration and noise reduction is reduced, and the three-dimensional topology modification truly reflects the actual tooth surface. The optimization design of tooth surface modification is based on the bearing contact analysis, starting from vibration damping, noise reduction and strength improvement, with the minimum amplitude of the transmission error, the smallest relative vibration of the meshing line, the minimum flash temperature of the tooth surface, the uniform load of the tooth surface and the optimization of multiple targets. The results show that the tooth contact area is lubricated after the tooth profile modification. The state improvement leads to the decrease of the temperature of the tooth surface, and the change of the flash temperature in the single tooth meshing area of the spur gear is not obvious; the axial movement of the human gear is the process of compensating the gap between the left and right teeth, and the tooth surface modification and the axial movement complement each other to ensure the uniform load on the tooth surface, and the meshing impact increases gradually with the speed and the load increasing, and with the speed of the gear, and with the speed of the gear. In addition, the vibration of the meshing impact excitation is more obvious than the stiffness excitation, so the sensitivity of the system resonance is reduced. The amplitude of the multi load bearing transmission error reflects the trend of the vibration with the load, and the axial displacement excitation of the human character gear has no influence on the direction of the meshing line, and the axial displacement excitation is the main source of the vibration of the axis and the direction of the torsion pendulum. Because the modification reduces the meshing excitation, therefore, it effectively reduces the vibration of the system. (4) based on the principle of space gear meshing, a variety of numerical control machining models of multi axis and multiple degrees of freedom are established. Based on the profile modification of the cutter and the analysis of the motion sensitivity of the various axes of the machine tools, the cutting parameters of the cutting tools and the axis of the machine tools are obtained by optimizing the minimum error of the tooth surface. The results show that: (1) the high precision machining of the topologically modified tooth surface can be achieved according to the back calculation of the tooth profile of the tooth profile modification tooth surface, and the CNC five axis joint forming grinding can be carried out. (2) when the plane grinding wheel is grinding the teeth, the direction pressure angle, the spiral angle and the spreading angle can be carried out to a certain diagonal modification, and the machine tool increases the tooth direction. Movement, can reduce the radius of the plane grinding wheel, used for grinding large spiral angle, large tooth width diagonal helical gear; (3) when the hob has teeth to repair the shape, and then increase the reasonable tangential movement, making the rolling process, the continuous change of the tooth shape along the direction of the tooth, make up the tooth distortion produced by the traditional machining, shape the shape of the hob and increase the tangent movement. A certain topology modification tooth surface machining can be realized; (4) when the cone grinding wheel moves along the axial stroke, the radial position of each stroke and the total stroke number of the grinding wheel are determined by the same roughness grinding method. Compared with the common uniform speed expansion and the radial average speed spreading gear grinding method, the theoretical roughness can be reduced significantly. This method can be more complex in grinding. When grinding wheel along the tooth to grinding the diagonal gear, the direction of the grinding wheel is consistent with the direction of the contact line, and the additional motion of the workpiece is solved according to the principle of development. The numerical control programming is simple. The key technology is the accurate tool of the meshing point. The correctness of the method is verified by the diagonal modification and grinding test. (5) in order to further reduce the wheel A high order transmission error tooth surface design method considering the tooth spreading is proposed. By optimizing the minimum error amplitude of the bearing transmission, the curve and the processing parameters are determined. The bearing transmission error of the 2 order, 4 order and high order transmission error tooth surface of the helical gear is compared. The amplitude of the dynamic error increases continuously; with the increase of the load, the clearance of the tooth surface decreases gradually, the reclosing degree is increasing, the amplitude of the bearing transmission error is gradually reduced. When the clearance of the tooth surface is completely eliminated, the coincidence degree is no longer changed. With the increase of the load, the amplitude of the bearing and transmission error increases gradually; for the high joint gear pair, the high order transmission error Tooth Surface It is more effective to reduce the amplitude of the bearing transmission error, because its degree of freedom is higher and is more conducive to reducing the change of the coincidence degree caused by the meshing of multi teeth. Through the curvature analysis of the modified tooth surface, it is proved that the plane grinding wheel is feasible and does not interfere with the high order transmission error tooth surface. In addition, a kind of contact mark is proposed. The inner concave high order transmission error tooth surface fully proves that it can effectively reduce the amplitude of the gear bearing transmission error, and its concave degree is affected by the load size. (6) the tooth surface vibration test shows that the modified gear has better dynamic performance, and the transmission error and vibration amplitude can be reduced by 30% or more at the design load. The objective theory method can be used in engineering practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TH132.41
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本文編號：1996526