本文選題：多級離心泵 + 輻射噪聲　； 參考：《江蘇大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文的研究工作是在國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“離心泵進(jìn)口畸變流誘導(dǎo)噪聲作用機(jī)理研究”(編號:51509108)、江蘇省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“離心泵低噪聲水力優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)及關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究”(編號:BK20150516)、中國博士后科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“多級離心泵流動(dòng)誘導(dǎo)結(jié)構(gòu)噪聲分析及聲優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)研究”(編號:2015M581735)的資助下展開。多級離心泵是提供高揚(yáng)程、高壓力液體輸送的重要設(shè)備,廣泛應(yīng)用于高層建筑給水、海水淡化、深海石油開采等國民經(jīng)濟(jì)重要領(lǐng)域。由于離心泵內(nèi)部流動(dòng)復(fù)雜,在多級離心泵中還存在著級間耦合問題,導(dǎo)致其在工作過程中常產(chǎn)生較大的振動(dòng)和噪聲。近年來,噪聲污染已經(jīng)成為與空氣污染、水污染和垃圾污染并列的四大污染之一,隨著人們生活質(zhì)量的提高和中國城市化建設(shè)步伐加快,人們對工作和居住環(huán)境提出越來嚴(yán)格的要求,因此,對多級離心泵流動(dòng)誘導(dǎo)輻射噪聲進(jìn)行研究具有重要的理論意義和工程應(yīng)用價(jià)值。本文在某多級離心泵樣機(jī)基礎(chǔ)上,對模型泵進(jìn)行了流場和聲場數(shù)值計(jì)算,并在半消聲室內(nèi)進(jìn)行了模型泵外特性和輻射噪聲實(shí)驗(yàn)測試;基于數(shù)值計(jì)算和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,對模型泵葉輪和導(dǎo)葉匹配關(guān)系進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),對比分析優(yōu)化前后多級離心泵流場和聲學(xué)性能。本文的主要研究內(nèi)容和成果如下:1.分析了多級離心泵噪聲源分布,系統(tǒng)闡述了國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀。通過對原型樣機(jī)進(jìn)行局部簡化得到模型泵,并對模型泵進(jìn)行流場定常和非定常數(shù)值計(jì)算,對比分析多級離心泵流場速度、壓力分布,以及壓力脈動(dòng)特征,流場數(shù)值計(jì)算結(jié)果表明:多級離心泵揚(yáng)程和效率的模擬值與實(shí)驗(yàn)值變化規(guī)律基本一致,揚(yáng)程的相對誤差為4.5%,效率的相對誤差為3.8%;在同一流量下,從首級葉輪到末級葉輪,葉輪的進(jìn)口入流條件逐漸變差,0.6Qd工況下多級離心泵內(nèi)漩渦最多,隨著流量增加,葉輪和正反導(dǎo)葉流道內(nèi)漩渦數(shù)量逐漸減少;多級離心泵壓力脈動(dòng)分析結(jié)果表明:各級正導(dǎo)葉流道內(nèi)壓力脈動(dòng)強(qiáng)度最大,葉輪流道最小,且某些測點(diǎn)之間壓力脈動(dòng)強(qiáng)度有著較大的跳躍性;導(dǎo)葉流道內(nèi)壓力脈動(dòng)主頻為葉頻(327Hz),在小流量工況下,出現(xiàn)較多小于葉頻的低頻脈動(dòng)。2.在流場非定常計(jì)算基礎(chǔ)上,基于聲學(xué)有限元方法,對多級離心泵進(jìn)行流動(dòng)誘導(dǎo)輻射噪聲數(shù)值計(jì)算,分析不同流量下多級離心泵輻射噪聲變化規(guī)律,并與實(shí)驗(yàn)值進(jìn)行對比,可以得出以下結(jié)論:多級離心泵輻射噪聲主頻為葉頻(327Hz),隨著流量增加,輻射噪聲平均總聲壓級先減小后增大,在0.8Qd附近達(dá)到最小;多級離心泵輻射噪聲在首級導(dǎo)葉附近最大,而在末級導(dǎo)葉附近最小;不同工況下,葉頻下多級離心泵流動(dòng)誘導(dǎo)輻射噪聲指向性均呈現(xiàn)出偶極子特性。3.在半消聲室內(nèi)搭建多級離心泵輻射噪聲實(shí)驗(yàn)臺,首先進(jìn)行了多級離心泵外特性實(shí)驗(yàn),在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行多級離心泵輻射噪聲實(shí)驗(yàn),主要結(jié)論有:隨著流量增加,有無電機(jī)隔音罩時(shí),多級離心泵輻射噪聲總聲壓級先增加再減小后增加,均在0.8Qd工況附近總聲壓級達(dá)到最小,在1.2Qd工況附近達(dá)到最大,且在兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下輻射噪聲總聲壓級大約相差2dB;隨著泵運(yùn)行轉(zhuǎn)速線性增加,多級離心泵輻射噪聲總聲壓級也近似呈線性增加規(guī)律;多級離心泵輻射噪聲指向性表現(xiàn)出偶極子特性,說明偶極子是多級離心泵輻射噪聲的主要聲源類型。4.在模型泵數(shù)值計(jì)算和實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上,對葉輪和導(dǎo)葉之間的匹配關(guān)系進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),并完成流場和聲場數(shù)值計(jì)算,對比分析了優(yōu)化前后多級離心泵外特性能、流場分布、輻射噪聲特性,計(jì)算結(jié)果表明:設(shè)計(jì)流量下,優(yōu)化前后多級離心泵揚(yáng)程提高了19.2%,效率提高了12.9%,且最高效率點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)在1.1Qd附近,高效區(qū)得到拓寬;優(yōu)化后多級離心泵流場速度分布更加均勻,漩渦數(shù)量明顯減少;優(yōu)化后的多級離心泵,在相同位置處的壓力脈動(dòng)強(qiáng)度比優(yōu)化前相應(yīng)減小,且各測點(diǎn)之間壓力脈動(dòng)變化較為平緩;優(yōu)化后的多級離心泵輻射噪聲主頻仍為葉頻,但葉頻聲壓級比優(yōu)化前減小2dB,平均總聲壓級比優(yōu)化前減小3.5dB,這表明本文所采用的優(yōu)化方法對于多級離心泵降噪是有效的。
[Abstract]:The research work of this paper is "study on the mechanism of induced noise induced by centrifugal pump inlet distortion" in the National Natural Science Foundation Project (number: 51509108). The Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation Project "low noise hydraulic optimization design and key technology research for centrifugal pumps" (number: BK20150516), China Post Doctoral Science Fund Project "multistage centrifugation" The pump flow induced structural noise analysis and sound optimization design research "(number: 2015M581735) is supported. The multistage centrifugal pump is an important equipment for providing high lift and high pressure liquid transportation. It is widely used in high building water supply, seawater desalination, deep sea oil mining and other important economic fields. Because of the complex internal flow of centrifugal pumps, There is still a problem of interstage coupling in the multistage centrifugal pump, which leads to the larger vibration and noise in the working process. In recent years, the noise pollution has become one of the four major pollution of the air pollution, water pollution and garbage pollution. With the improvement of people's quality of life and the quickening pace of China's urbanization construction, people are working on the work. The research on the flow induced radiation noise of multistage centrifugal pump is of great theoretical significance and engineering application value. In this paper, the numerical calculation of flow field and sound field of the model pump is carried out on the basis of a multistage centrifugal pump prototype, and the external characteristics of the model pump are carried out in the semi anechoic chamber. Experimental test of radiation noise; based on the numerical calculation and experimental results, the matching relationship between the impeller and the guide vane of the model pump is optimized. The flow field and acoustic performance of the multistage centrifugal pump before and after the optimization are compared and analyzed. The main contents and results of this paper are as follows: 1. the distribution of the noise source of the multistage centrifugal pump is analyzed, and the research status at home and abroad is systematically expounded. The model pump is obtained by partial simplification, and the flow field velocity, pressure distribution and pressure pulsation characteristics of the multistage centrifugal pump are compared and analyzed. The numerical results of the flow field show that the variation of the simulated value and the experimental value of the multistage centrifugal pump is basically the same as the experimental value. The relative error of the lift is 4.5% and the relative error of the efficiency is 3.8%. Under the same flow, the inlet flow condition of the impeller is gradually reduced from the first impeller to the last stage impeller. The whirlpool in the multistage centrifugal pump is the most in the 0.6Qd condition. With the increase of the flow, the number of whirlpools in the impeller and the positive and negative guide vane gradually decreases; the pressure pulsation of the multistage centrifugal pump is also fluctuating. The results show that the pressure pulsation intensity is the largest in the normal guide vane flow channel at all levels, the impeller flow channel is the smallest, and the pressure pulsation intensity between some measuring points is more hopping; the main frequency of the pressure pulsation in the guide vane flow channel is 327Hz. In the small flow condition, the low frequency pulsating low frequency pulsating.2. appears on the unsteady flow field of the flow field. Based on the acoustic finite element method, the numerical calculation of the flow induced radiation noise of the multistage centrifugal pump is carried out to analyze the radiation noise changes of the multistage centrifugal pump under different flow rates. And compared with the experimental values, the following conclusion can be drawn: the main frequency of the radiation noise of the multistage centrifugal pump is 327Hz, with the increase of the flow rate, the average total sound pressure of the radiation noise. The radiation noise of the multistage centrifugal pump is the largest near the first guide blade, but the smallest near the final guide blade. Under the different working conditions, the directivity of the flow induced radiation noise in the multistage centrifugal pump under the blade frequency is all dipole characteristic.3. in the semi anechoic chamber to set up the multistage centrifugal pump radiation noise experimental platform under the different working conditions. First, the experiment of multi stage centrifugal pump characteristics is carried out. On this basis, the radiation noise experiment of multistage centrifugal pump is carried out. The main conclusions are as follows: with the increase of flow rate, the total acoustic pressure level of the radiation noise of the multistage centrifugal pump increases first and then increases when there is no motor sound insulation cover, and the total acoustic pressure level near the 0.8Qd condition is minimum and reaches the 1.2Qd working condition. To the maximum, the total acoustic pressure level of radiation noise in the two experimental conditions is approximately 2dB, and with the linear increase of the pump operating speed, the total acoustic pressure level of the radiation noise of the multistage centrifugal pump is also approximately linearly increasing, and the directivity of the radiation noise of the multistage centrifugal pump shows the dipole characteristic, which indicates that the dipole is the main sound of the radiation noise of the multistage centrifugal pump. Based on the numerical calculation and experiment of the model pump, the source type.4. optimizes the matching relationship between the impeller and the guide vane, and completes the numerical calculation of the flow field and the sound field, and compares and analyzes the external special performance, the flow field distribution and the radiation noise characteristics of the multistage centrifugal pump before and after the optimization. The calculation results show that the multi-stage centrifugal pump before and after the design flow is optimized. The lift is increased by 19.2%, the efficiency is increased by 12.9%, and the highest efficiency point appears near 1.1Qd, and the high efficiency area is widened. The flow velocity distribution of the multistage centrifugal pump is more uniform and the number of whirlpools decreases obviously after the optimization; the pressure pulse strength at the same position decreases correspondingly and the pressure between the measured points at the same position and the pressure between the measured points after the optimization. The fluctuation of the pulsation is relatively gentle, and the main frequency of the radiation noise of the optimized multistage centrifugal pump is still the blade frequency, but the sound pressure level of the blade is reduced by 2dB, and the average total acoustic pressure level is less 3.5dB than that before the optimization, which shows that the optimization method used in this paper is effective for the noise reduction of the multistage centrifugal pump.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH311

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