發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-03 20:08

  本文選題：改性酚醛樹(shù)脂 + 樹(shù)脂基閘瓦　； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：制動(dòng)裝置作為關(guān)鍵的安全保障設(shè)備,是機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。在機(jī)械裝備的工作過(guò)程中,制動(dòng)裝置可靠的運(yùn)行對(duì)提高裝備控制系統(tǒng)、操縱系統(tǒng)乃至整機(jī)的可靠性具有舉足輕重的作用。伴隨著生產(chǎn)運(yùn)輸裝備的大型化、高速化、高載化發(fā)展趨勢(shì),產(chǎn)生了對(duì)大型裝備實(shí)施可靠制動(dòng)的嚴(yán)苛的需要,意味著制動(dòng)摩擦產(chǎn)生熱量更多,閘瓦摩擦表面溫升更快、更高,要求閘瓦具有較高的摩擦系數(shù)穩(wěn)定系數(shù),及較低的磨損率。有機(jī)基摩擦材料由于高分子樹(shù)脂基摩擦材料基體在高溫下易發(fā)生熱分解,導(dǎo)致摩擦系數(shù)大幅度下降,磨損率急劇增大,這就限制了有機(jī)摩擦材料在更廣泛領(lǐng)域推廣使用。制動(dòng)閘瓦是制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)工作執(zhí)行部件,它的摩擦磨損性能與制動(dòng)安全有直接關(guān)系,因此,開(kāi)展制動(dòng)閘瓦的摩擦學(xué)特性試驗(yàn),分析其機(jī)理,具有重要的理論價(jià)值和實(shí)踐意義。本文以提升機(jī)盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器閘瓦材料為研究對(duì)象,以提升機(jī)實(shí)際制動(dòng)工況參數(shù)為參考,開(kāi)展摩擦學(xué)特性試驗(yàn),對(duì)其在取不同制動(dòng)壓力、滑動(dòng)速度及摩擦表面溫度時(shí)的摩擦學(xué)特性進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)全面的測(cè)試,獲得大量的試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),并以試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),分析其摩擦磨損機(jī)理,獲得一些具有實(shí)踐意義的理論成果。首先,實(shí)施閘瓦材料綜合測(cè)試,對(duì)閘瓦材料在綜合測(cè)試中的摩擦性能變化進(jìn)行表征。在分析閘瓦在制動(dòng)過(guò)程中制動(dòng)摩擦力的組成及種類的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)不同工況條件下瞬態(tài)摩擦系數(shù)隨時(shí)間的變化規(guī)律研究,獲得瞬態(tài)摩擦系數(shù)突變現(xiàn)象的判別式。分析了制動(dòng)壓力、滑動(dòng)速度及摩擦表面溫度變化過(guò)程中平均摩擦系數(shù)的變化特征。分析了定溫變壓變速、定壓變溫變速、定速變溫變壓等情況對(duì)平均摩擦系數(shù)、其穩(wěn)定系數(shù)及其離散程度的變化規(guī)律,得出其變化機(jī)理。其次,建立了平均摩擦系數(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的理論基礎(chǔ)。選擇平均摩擦系數(shù)樣本值的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差考察平均摩擦系數(shù)的離散程度,以平均摩擦系數(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差的變化曲線為基礎(chǔ),并以提出的三個(gè)判據(jù)為依據(jù),進(jìn)行了閘瓦材料摩擦性能的機(jī)理分析�？紤]到pv機(jī)理圖在閘瓦材料摩擦學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)中的重要作用,提出以組合參量考察、表征及分析閘瓦材料平均摩擦系數(shù)的觀點(diǎn),系統(tǒng)的研究了多種組合參量,分析了組合變量-平均摩擦系數(shù)曲線的性質(zhì)及內(nèi)在的摩擦學(xué)機(jī)理。通過(guò)對(duì)組合參量-平均摩擦系數(shù)的關(guān)系曲線分析,得出了組合參量與單參量的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),并獲得不同曲線在總體趨勢(shì)、震蕩性、突變性等的不同表現(xiàn)�；趩螀�(shù)、組合變量的平均摩擦系數(shù)變化曲線特性,建立了組合變量-平均摩擦系數(shù)的關(guān)系模型。提出了失效概率空間的獲取方法,求出了失效概率空間,并就該模型的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了例證。這些內(nèi)容既是閘瓦制動(dòng)系控制系統(tǒng)安全運(yùn)行的必要條件,也是材料摩擦學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)的邊界條件,對(duì)于摩擦學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)和摩擦學(xué)控制具有不可忽視的意義。同時(shí)工況參數(shù)-摩擦系統(tǒng)安全關(guān)系模型的研究思路和數(shù)據(jù)處理辦法適用于其它摩阻材料性能研究,具有普遍意義,甚至增摩材料亦可應(yīng)用。并且閘瓦材料試驗(yàn)獲得的各種單參數(shù)、雙參數(shù)、三參數(shù)及多參數(shù)摩擦系數(shù)變化特征曲線,不僅是摩阻材料設(shè)計(jì)理論的豐富,而且作為實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)可以用來(lái)進(jìn)行材料摩阻行為的安全校核及可靠性計(jì)算而服務(wù)于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)。再次,對(duì)閘瓦試樣在測(cè)試中獲得的磨損數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析處理。對(duì)閘瓦試樣磨損的系統(tǒng)特性及影響因素簡(jiǎn)單介紹,并針對(duì)閘瓦材料粘結(jié)劑熱分解溫度之前與之后磨損機(jī)理的不同,考察了閘瓦磨損量隨時(shí)間的變化規(guī)律及機(jī)理、磨損率-時(shí)間曲線變化規(guī)律及機(jī)理和不同摩擦表面溫度下閘瓦表面形貌的影響。分析閘瓦摩擦表面溫度不同時(shí),制動(dòng)壓力、滑動(dòng)速度對(duì)閘瓦材料磨損率及磨損率穩(wěn)定系數(shù)的影響機(jī)理,同時(shí)分析了制動(dòng)壓力、滑動(dòng)速度對(duì)閘瓦材料磨損率離散程度的影響機(jī)理,獲得非常豐富的規(guī)律性結(jié)論。提出了一種基于磨損面積擴(kuò)散率的閘瓦壽命計(jì)算方法,經(jīng)過(guò)例證,與實(shí)踐基本相符。最后,對(duì)閘瓦試樣在熱分解階段的混合摩擦機(jī)制進(jìn)行了探討。通過(guò)閘瓦材料在熱解階段的摩擦磨損實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了在制動(dòng)壓力、制動(dòng)速度變化時(shí),閘瓦材料的平均摩擦系數(shù)的變化。從熱分解階段磨損后的閘瓦材料的微觀形貌入手,分析其在熱分解階段的微觀形貌變化,并分析了產(chǎn)生這種變化的機(jī)理。詳細(xì)闡述了閘瓦材料在熱分解階段的產(chǎn)物,分別分析了氧化膜、氣墊膜、轉(zhuǎn)移膜等的成分和產(chǎn)生機(jī)理。從表面膜的結(jié)構(gòu)上分析了不同工況參數(shù)對(duì)表面膜潤(rùn)滑的影響,重點(diǎn)分析力表面膜潤(rùn)滑中的薄膜潤(rùn)滑,并根據(jù)薄膜潤(rùn)滑機(jī)理提出了摩阻材料的2個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則。在推斷表面膜潤(rùn)滑符合牛頓流體特性的基礎(chǔ)上,給出了閘瓦材料熱分解表面膜的摩擦系數(shù)近似計(jì)算方法。
[Abstract]:As the key safety equipment, the brake device is an important part of the mechanical system. In the working process of the mechanical equipment, the reliable operation of the brake device plays an important role in improving the reliability of the equipment control system, the control system and the whole machine. The development trend produces the stringent requirements for the reliable braking of large equipment, which means that the brake friction produces more heat, the friction surface temperature rises faster and higher, and the brake shoe has a higher coefficient of friction coefficient stability and lower wear rate. The organic rubbing material is at high temperature due to the polymer matrix friction material base at high temperature. It is easy to cause thermal decomposition, resulting in a large drop in friction coefficient and a sharp increase in wear rate. This restricts the spread of organic friction materials in a wider range of fields. Brake brake shoes are the executive components of the brake system. The friction and wear properties of the brake shoes are directly related to the safety of the brake. The mechanism is of great theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, the brake shoe material of the hoist disc brake is taken as the research object. The tribological characteristics test is carried out with the reference of the actual braking parameters of the hoist, and the tribological characteristics of the brake are tested in a systematic and comprehensive way when the brake pressure, the sliding speed and the friction surface temperature are taken. A lot of experimental data are obtained and the friction and wear mechanism is analyzed on the basis of the test data. Some practical theoretical results are obtained. First, the comprehensive test of the brake shoe material is carried out to characterize the change of the friction properties of the brake shoe material in the comprehensive test. The composition and the species of brake friction force during the brake process are analyzed. Based on the study of the variation of transient friction coefficient with time under different working conditions, the discriminant of transient friction coefficient mutation is obtained. The change characteristics of the average friction coefficient in the braking pressure, the sliding velocity and the friction surface temperature change are analyzed. The constant temperature variable pressure change, constant pressure variable temperature change and fixed speed change are analyzed. The change mechanism of the average friction coefficient, the stability coefficient and the variation of its discrete degree are obtained. Secondly, the theoretical basis of the statistical analysis of the average friction coefficient is established. The standard deviation of the average friction coefficient is selected to examine the discrete degree of the average friction coefficient and the standard deviation of the average friction coefficient. Based on the change curve and based on the three criteria proposed, the mechanism analysis of the friction properties of the brake shoe material is carried out. Considering the important role of the PV mechanism diagram in the tribological design of the brake shoe material, the viewpoint of the investigation, characterization and analysis of the average friction system number of the brake shoe material is put forward. The properties and internal Tribological Mechanism of the combined variable - average friction coefficient curve are analyzed. Through the analysis of the relation curve of the combined parameter - average friction coefficient, the advantages and disadvantages of the combination parameter and the single parameter are obtained, and the different curves in the general trend, the concussion and the mutagenicity are obtained. Based on the single parameter and the combination variable The relation model of the average friction coefficient change curve is set up. The method of obtaining the failure probability space is put forward, the failure probability space is obtained, and the application of the model is illustrated. These contents are not only the necessary condition for the safe operation of the brake system of brake system, but also the tribology of the material. The boundary conditions designed can not be ignored for tribological design and Tribological control. At the same time, the research ideas and data processing methods for the safety relationship model of the working condition parameter friction system are applicable to the performance study of other friction materials. It is of universal significance, and even the rubbing material can be applied. And the test of brake material is obtained. The variation characteristic curve of a variety of single parameters, double parameters, three parameters and multi parameter friction coefficient is not only rich in the design theory of friction material, but also used as the measured data for the safety checking and reliability calculation of material friction behavior and for industrial production. Thirdly, the wear data obtained in the test of the brake shoe specimen are entered. The system characteristics and influencing factors of the wear of the brake shoe specimen are briefly introduced. In view of the difference between the wear mechanism before and after the thermal decomposition temperature of the brake shoe material, the change law and mechanism of the wear amount of the brake shoe with time, the change law and mechanism of the wear rate time curve and the brake shoe under the different friction surface temperature are investigated. The influence of surface morphology is analyzed. The influence mechanism of the friction surface temperature, brake pressure, sliding speed on the material wear rate and wear rate stability coefficient of brake shoe is analyzed, and the influence mechanism of brake pressure and sliding speed on the dispersion of material wear rate of brake shoe is analyzed, and a very rich regular conclusion is obtained. A kind of basis is put forward. The calculation method of the life span of the brake shoe with the wear area diffusivity is exemplified, which is basically consistent with the practice. Finally, the mixed friction mechanism of the brake shoe specimen in the thermal decomposition stage is discussed. Through the friction and wear experiment of the brake shoe material at the pyrolysis stage, the experiment proves the average friction of the brake shoe material when the brake pressure is changed and the braking speed is changed. The change of the coefficient is analyzed from the microscopic morphology of the brake shoe material after the thermal decomposition stage. The microstructure changes in the thermal decomposition stage are analyzed, and the mechanism to produce this change is analyzed. The products of the brake shoe material in the phase of thermal decomposition are described in detail, and the composition and production mechanism of the oxide film, air cushion film and transfer film are analyzed. The influence of different working conditions on the surface film lubrication is analyzed in the structure of the surface film. The film lubrication in the force surface film lubrication is emphatically analyzed. According to the film lubrication mechanism, the 2 design criteria of the friction material are put forward. On the basis of inferred that the surface film lubrication is in conformity with the Newton fluid characteristics, the friction surface mask of the brake shoe material is given. Approximate calculation method of friction coefficient.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TH134

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