本文選題：輕量化　切入點：三支點支撐　出處：《江蘇科技大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：橋式起重機作為起重機械中量大面廣的一種機型,在工業(yè)安裝以及物資的運輸中起到了不可忽視的作用。國內(nèi)橋式起重機的起升機構(gòu)大多沿用前蘇聯(lián)的設計理念,整機結(jié)構(gòu)笨重、體積大、能耗高,輕量化設計成為起重運輸機械所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和任務。因此,開展輕量化布局設計、支撐方案設計及力學特性分析,對起升機構(gòu)的輕量化設計具有重要的意義。本文針對32t橋式起重機起升機構(gòu)的三支點支撐布局方式,采用理論分析、數(shù)值計算和試驗研究相結(jié)合的方式開展相關(guān)研究,主要的研究內(nèi)容如下:1.通過分析起升機構(gòu)的輕量化布置趨勢,提出了基于集成模式的三支點布局方式,開展了新型布局方式下的基礎力學分析,結(jié)合支撐和聯(lián)結(jié)方案對力學性能的影響分析,提出典型支撐位置和典型支撐件相組合的四種輕量化起升機構(gòu)支撐聯(lián)接方案,并采用數(shù)值計算方法開展不同支撐方案的靜力學分析,分析結(jié)果顯示起升機構(gòu)輸入端支撐件對整機變形量影響較大,輸出端支撐件對整機應力變形量較大,為尋求最優(yōu)的支撐方案奠定理論基礎。2.以減速器的應力應變?yōu)閮?yōu)化目標,開展支撐方式及位置對減速器力學性能的影響分析,以減速器輸入輸出端的應力和變形的力學分析為基礎,采用響應面優(yōu)化和多目標優(yōu)化相結(jié)合的優(yōu)化方法,對支撐位置開展優(yōu)化設計,優(yōu)化結(jié)果顯示最大變形和應力與減速器兩支點的支撐位置有關(guān),輸入端支撐件離減速器箱體越近,變形量越小,輸出端支撐件離減速器箱體40mm,應力值最小,為輕量化起升機構(gòu)的進一步結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化做鋪墊。3.對優(yōu)化后的輕量化起升機構(gòu),開展靜力學和動態(tài)特性分析,并與傳統(tǒng)起升機構(gòu)進行對比分析,分析結(jié)果顯示出輕量化起升機構(gòu)的受力薄弱點和變形薄弱點。重點針對薄弱點處開展動態(tài)響應分析,分析結(jié)果驗證了輕量化起升機構(gòu)新型布局方式的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性。4.基于輕量化起升機構(gòu)試驗平臺,開展起升機構(gòu)中減速器的應力測試,測試結(jié)果的應力變化趨勢與有限元分析結(jié)果基本一致,應力值誤差在允許范圍內(nèi),驗證了仿真模型的正確性,為后續(xù)橋式起重機的輕量化設計奠定理論基礎。
[Abstract]:Bridge crane, as a widely used crane, plays an important role in industrial installation and material transportation.The lifting mechanism of the bridge crane in China mostly follows the design idea of the former Soviet Union. The whole crane has heavy structure, large volume and high energy consumption. The lightweight design has become the challenge and task of the crane transportation machinery.Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out lightweight layout design, support scheme design and mechanical characteristics analysis for the lightweight design of hoisting mechanism.In this paper, the three fulcrum support layout of the lifting mechanism of 32t bridge crane is studied by the combination of theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and experimental study. The main research contents are as follows: 1.By analyzing the trend of lightweight arrangement of hoisting mechanism, this paper puts forward a three-fulcrum layout method based on integrated mode, carries out the basic mechanics analysis under the new layout mode, and analyzes the influence of support and connection scheme on mechanical properties.In this paper, four kinds of lightweight lifting mechanism supporting connection schemes are proposed, which combine typical support positions with typical supports, and the statics analysis of different support schemes is carried out by using numerical calculation method.The analysis results show that the support at the input end of the hoisting mechanism has a great influence on the deformation of the whole machine, and the support at the output end has a large amount of stress and deformation on the whole machine, which lays a theoretical foundation for seeking the best supporting scheme.Aiming at the stress and strain of reducer, the influence of supporting mode and position on the mechanical properties of reducer is analyzed, and the mechanical analysis of stress and deformation at the input and output end of reducer is carried out.The optimum design of support position is carried out by combining response surface optimization with multi-objective optimization. The optimization results show that the maximum deformation and stress are related to the supporting position of the two fulcrum points of the reducer, and the closer the input support is to the reducer box,The smaller the deformation is, the 40 mm the output support is from the reducer box, and the minimum stress is obtained, which paves the way for further structural optimization of the lightweight hoisting mechanism.The static and dynamic characteristics of the optimized lightweight hoisting mechanism are analyzed and compared with the traditional lifting mechanism. The results show that the mechanical weakness and deformation weakness of the lightweight hoisting mechanism are shown.The dynamic response analysis is focused on the weak spot, and the results verify the stability and reliability of the new type of light weight hoisting mechanism.Based on the lightweight lifting mechanism test platform, the stress test of the reducer in the hoisting mechanism is carried out. The stress variation trend of the test results is basically consistent with that of the finite element analysis, and the error of the stress value is within the allowable range.The correctness of the simulation model is verified, which lays a theoretical foundation for the lightweight design of the subsequent bridge crane.
【學位授予單位】：江蘇科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH215

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