本文選題：Wigner-Ville分布　切入點(diǎn)：局部特征尺度分解　出處：《燕山大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械故障診斷能夠?yàn)樵O(shè)備的安全提供必要保障。故障振動(dòng)信號(hào)的時(shí)頻分析,是故障診斷中的重要手段。振動(dòng)信號(hào)特征提取是關(guān)鍵所在,在眾多方法中,自適應(yīng)時(shí)頻分析的研究越來(lái)越受到關(guān)注。局部特征尺度分解(Local Characteristic-scale Decomposition,LCD)發(fā)展經(jīng)歷的時(shí)間很短,但該方法在計(jì)算效率及分量準(zhǔn)確性上優(yōu)勢(shì)明顯。另外,Wigner-Ville分布(WVD)優(yōu)良特性突出,具有能量聚集性高、時(shí)頻分辨率高及時(shí)變特性良好等優(yōu)點(diǎn),被廣泛應(yīng)用于信號(hào)分析與處理領(lǐng)域。但是,WVD分布計(jì)算過程不滿足可加性,將產(chǎn)生交叉項(xiàng),影響了該方法的工程實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。針對(duì)上述問題,本文提出了基于改進(jìn)LCD與WVD結(jié)合抑制WVD分布交叉項(xiàng)的算法。首先,本文對(duì)旋轉(zhuǎn)設(shè)備常見故障機(jī)理與頻率特征做了研究,并用試驗(yàn)設(shè)備進(jìn)行模擬,為以后的故障信號(hào)分析打下基礎(chǔ)。深入研究LCD基本理論,并與經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)B(tài)分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)、固有時(shí)間尺度分解(Intrinsic time-scale decomposition,ITD)做對(duì)比研究以證明LCD方法的優(yōu)越性。針對(duì)LCD方法分解過程中信號(hào)失真、能量泄漏現(xiàn)象,本文提出了基于三次B樣條插值(Cubic B-Spline Interpolation,CBI)改進(jìn)的LCD方法。將改進(jìn)后的LCD方法應(yīng)用到模擬仿真信號(hào)、試驗(yàn)振動(dòng)信號(hào)處理分析中,證明了此方法的有效性。其次,研究了WVD分布的基本理論及性質(zhì),對(duì)其交叉項(xiàng)的產(chǎn)生原因做了分析,有文獻(xiàn)表明沒有交叉項(xiàng)的WVD分布是不存在的。本文從抑制交叉項(xiàng)的思路出發(fā)提出了基于改進(jìn)LCD的WVD分布,該方法將信號(hào)用改進(jìn)LCD分解為近似單分量信號(hào),再對(duì)各分量求WVD分布,最終求和得到原信號(hào)的WVD分布。模擬仿真信號(hào)與試驗(yàn)振動(dòng)信號(hào)的分析結(jié)果表明,本文方法能夠成功抑制WVD交叉項(xiàng)。最后,將此方法與傳統(tǒng)WVD方法、傳統(tǒng)LCD與WVD分布結(jié)合方法及EMD與WVD分布結(jié)合方法進(jìn)行對(duì)比。結(jié)果證明本文提出的方法在抑制交叉項(xiàng)成分方面效果更好。燃?xì)廨啺l(fā)電機(jī)故障實(shí)例分析表明了方法的有效性,該工程實(shí)例分析也證明了本文方法能夠應(yīng)用于工程實(shí)際的旋轉(zhuǎn)設(shè)備故障診斷中。
[Abstract]:Fault diagnosis of rotating machinery can provide necessary guarantee for the safety of equipment. Time-frequency analysis of fault vibration signal is an important means in fault diagnosis. Feature extraction of vibration signal is the key, among many methods, The research of adaptive time-frequency analysis has attracted more and more attention. The development time of local characteristic scale decomposition (LCDs) is very short, but the advantages of this method in computing efficiency and component accuracy are obvious. In addition, Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) has excellent characteristics. It has the advantages of high energy aggregation, high time-frequency resolution, high time-frequency resolution, etc. It is widely used in the field of signal analysis and processing. However, the calculation process of WVD distribution does not satisfy the additivity, which will result in crossover. The practical application value of this method is affected. In view of the above problems, an algorithm based on the combination of improved LCD and WVD to suppress the crossover term of WVD distribution is proposed. Firstly, the mechanism of common faults and frequency characteristics of rotating equipment are studied in this paper. The test equipment is used to simulate, which lays a foundation for future fault signal analysis. The basic theory of LCD is deeply studied. Compared with empirical Mode decomposition (EMD) and intrinsic time-scale decompostion (ITD), the advantages of LCD method are proved. The phenomena of signal distortion and energy leakage during LCD decomposition are discussed. In this paper, an improved LCD method based on cubic B-spline interpolation cubic B-Spline interpolation is proposed. The improved LCD method is applied to the simulation signal and the experimental vibration signal processing and analysis, and the effectiveness of the method is proved. In this paper, the basic theory and properties of WVD distribution are studied, and the causes of its crossover term are analyzed. It is shown that the WVD distribution without crossover term does not exist. In this paper, a WVD distribution based on improved LCD is proposed based on the idea of suppressing crossover term. In this method, the signal is decomposed into an approximate single component signal by improved LCD, then the WVD distribution is obtained for each component, and the WVD distribution of the original signal is obtained by summing up the original signal. The analysis results of the simulated signal and the experimental vibration signal show that, This method can successfully suppress the WVD crossover term. Finally, this method is compared with the traditional WVD method. The results show that the method proposed in this paper is more effective in suppressing the cross component. The fault analysis of gas turbine generator shows the effectiveness of the method. The analysis of the engineering example also proves that this method can be applied to the fault diagnosis of rotating equipment in engineering practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：燕山大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TH165.3

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