本文選題：多孔材料　切入點：聚酰亞胺　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：航空航天技術的飛速發(fā)展,使得對高精度、長壽命含油軸承的需求日益迫切。目前飛行器高速軸在工作結束后,軸承失效時有發(fā)生,其根本原因是潤滑油供給不足。高速軸軸承是由其多孔含油保持架提供潤滑,含油材料本身具備復雜的多孔結構,潤滑油可以存儲在這些孔道中,軸承正常運轉時,潤滑油可以持續(xù)不斷地析出,在摩擦表面形成穩(wěn)定的潤滑油膜。本文充分利用多孔自潤滑材料的優(yōu)點,以空間長壽命機構中的軸承為應用對象,開展了多孔含油自潤滑復合材料的改進研究。針對軸承保持架的特殊工作環(huán)境,本文選擇綜合性能優(yōu)異的聚酰亞胺為基體材料,通過冷壓燒結工藝制備多孔含油材料,并采用添加造孔劑的辦法,來提高材料的孔隙率。多孔材料的制備工藝,決定了其性能,在制備過程中,本文采用正交實驗設計方法設計實驗,并對實驗結果進行數(shù)據(jù)分析與處理,最終得到影響多孔含油材料性能的主要工藝參數(shù),進而確定最優(yōu)方案,最后再用壓汞儀測試多孔材料的孔徑大小及其分布,驗證制備工藝參數(shù)的正確性,得出新型貯油材料的制備方法。為了提高多孔材料的機械性能和含油性能,本文以碳納米管為添加劑,利用納米材料增強增韌機理和表面能高的特征,改善多孔材料的含油性能、油保持性能、力學性能。研究了碳納米管的含量、類型對多孔材料綜合性能的影響,采用掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)觀察了復合材料的微觀結構,從多角度觀察和分析多孔材料表面形態(tài)、孔隙特征及磨痕形貌,揭示了碳納米管填充多孔材料的摩擦磨損機理。針對高速軸軸承在高溫、低溫、真空、強輻射和高速運動等特殊工況下的性能不穩(wěn)定問題,本文還提出了一種改善自潤滑材料摩擦磨損性能的方法,即油固復合潤滑技術,研究了潤滑油與固體潤滑膜的協(xié)同作用機理,建立了油固復合改善磨損的潤滑模型,得出了油固復合潤滑機理:當潤滑油失效或供給不充分不足以形成完整的潤滑油膜時,材料表面的固體潤滑膜,可以提供補充潤滑作用。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of aerospace technology, the demand for high precision and long life oil-bearing is becoming more and more urgent. The root cause is insufficient supply of lubricating oil. High-speed shaft bearings are lubricated by their porous oil-bearing cages. The oil-bearing materials themselves have complex porous structures in which the lubricating oil can be stored in these channels, and when the bearings are in normal operation, The lubricating oil can continuously precipitate and form a stable lubricating oil film on the friction surface. This paper makes full use of the advantages of porous self-lubricating materials and takes the bearings in the space long life mechanism as the application object. The improvement of porous oil-bearing self-lubricating composite was studied. In view of the special working environment of bearing cage, polyimide with excellent comprehensive properties was selected as matrix material to prepare porous oil-bearing material by cold pressing sintering process. In order to improve the porosity of the materials, the properties of the porous materials are determined by the preparation process of the porous materials. In the process of preparation, the orthogonal design method is used to design the experiments. The experimental results are analyzed and processed, the main process parameters affecting the performance of porous oil-bearing materials are obtained, and the optimal scheme is determined. Finally, the pore size and distribution of porous materials are measured by mercury injection apparatus. In order to improve the mechanical properties and oil-bearing properties of porous materials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used as additives. In order to improve the oil content, oil retention and mechanical properties of porous materials, the effects of content and type of carbon nanotubes on the comprehensive properties of porous materials were studied by using the mechanism of strengthening and toughening and the characteristics of high surface energy. The microstructure of the composite was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surface morphology, pore characteristics and wear mark morphology of the porous materials were observed and analyzed from various angles. The friction and wear mechanism of porous materials filled with carbon nanotubes is revealed. The performance instability of high speed shaft bearings under special conditions such as high temperature, low temperature, vacuum, strong radiation and high speed motion is pointed out. In this paper, a new method to improve the friction and wear performance of self-lubricating materials, that is, oil-solid composite lubrication technology, is put forward. The synergistic mechanism of lubricating oil and solid lubricating film is studied, and the lubricating model of oil-solid composite wear improvement is established. The mechanism of oil-solid composite lubrication is obtained: when the lubricating oil fails or the supply is insufficient to form a complete lubricant film, the solid lubricating film on the material surface can provide supplementary lubricating effect.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TH117.22

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