本文選題：塔式起重機(jī)　切入點：隨機(jī)振動　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：伴隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)和建筑結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計的迅猛發(fā)展,塔式起重機(jī)的施工高度越來越高。我國是一個多地震國家,塔機(jī)作為一種高聳設(shè)備,其重心高、質(zhì)量分布不均勻、柔性大,一旦遭受地震破壞,不僅會造成巨大的生命財產(chǎn)損失,而且會影響抗震救災(zāi)的進(jìn)程,甚至產(chǎn)生次生災(zāi)害,因此塔機(jī)的地震響應(yīng)不容忽視。目前對塔機(jī)的研究多集中在模態(tài)分析、穩(wěn)定性分析和疲勞分析,而對塔機(jī)的隨機(jī)地震響應(yīng)分析仍處于探索階段,尚未形成完善的抗震分析理論及計算方法,所以對塔式起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)的隨機(jī)地震分析有一定的現(xiàn)實意義,其計算結(jié)果可供工程實踐參考。論文的主要研究工作包括以下幾個方面：1.利用有限元分析軟件ANSYS,根據(jù)塔式起重機(jī)工程實際情況建立有限元模型,對塔機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行靜力分析,得到應(yīng)力分布情況,并對塔機(jī)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度、剛度和穩(wěn)定性校核。2.介紹結(jié)構(gòu)隨機(jī)地震反應(yīng)分析的常用方法,包括單點激勵下平穩(wěn)隨機(jī)地震響應(yīng)分析、單點激勵下非平穩(wěn)隨機(jī)地震響應(yīng)分析和多點激勵下隨機(jī)地震響應(yīng)分析方法；詳細(xì)說明幾種常用地震動模型的適用范圍,文章采用杜修力-陳厚群功率譜密度函數(shù)模型,并列表說明與震級、震中距和場地條件等諸多因素有關(guān)的模型參數(shù)的取值,為后續(xù)隨機(jī)地震響應(yīng)分析中的參數(shù)選擇提供依據(jù)。3.為保證塔式起重機(jī)的后續(xù)動力學(xué)分析,采用模態(tài)分析方法獲得塔機(jī)的振型特點和自振頻率。采用反應(yīng)譜法計算結(jié)構(gòu)在不同荷載效應(yīng)下的地震響應(yīng),并對不同方向地震激勵時塔機(jī)的應(yīng)力、位移結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析比較。4.基于隨機(jī)振動理論,對塔機(jī)進(jìn)行隨機(jī)地震激勵下的動態(tài)響應(yīng)分析。選用杜修力-陳厚群模型描述地震動輸入,采用一致平穩(wěn)隨機(jī)地震響應(yīng)分析方法,數(shù)值模擬塔機(jī)在五種不同組合方向輸入地震激勵時塔機(jī)內(nèi)力、位移的隨機(jī)地震響應(yīng)。計算結(jié)果表明：Y向(豎向)地震波激勵相比X向地震時塔機(jī)內(nèi)力增幅明顯,Z向地震波激勵對塔身彎矩影響最大；Y向地震波是造成塔臂斷裂的主要原因,Z向地震波過大易導(dǎo)致塔機(jī)傾覆。并將反應(yīng)譜分析結(jié)果與隨機(jī)振動法分析結(jié)果相比較。為塔式起重機(jī)的抗震設(shè)計與分析提供理論參考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern science and technology and architectural structure design, the construction height of tower crane is higher and higher. China is a multi-earthquake country, tower crane as a kind of towering equipment, its center of gravity is high, the mass distribution is uneven, and the flexibility is large. Once damaged by earthquake, it will not only cause huge loss of life and property, but also affect the course of earthquake relief and even produce secondary disaster. Therefore, the seismic response of tower crane can not be ignored. At present, the research on tower crane is mostly focused on modal analysis. The stability analysis and fatigue analysis, but the random seismic response analysis of tower crane is still in the exploratory stage, and has not formed a perfect seismic analysis theory and calculation method, so it has certain practical significance for the random seismic analysis of tower crane structure. The results can be used for reference in engineering practice. The main research work of this paper includes the following aspects: 1.Using the finite element analysis software ANSYS, the finite element model is established according to the actual engineering situation of tower crane, and the static analysis of tower crane structure is carried out. The stress distribution is obtained, and the strength, stiffness and stability of the tower crane are checked. 2. The common methods of random seismic response analysis of structures are introduced, including the stationary random seismic response analysis under single point excitation. Non-stationary random seismic response analysis under single point excitation and random seismic response analysis method under multi-point excitation, the application range of several commonly used ground motion models is explained in detail, and the power spectral density function model of du Xiuli-#china_person0# is used in this paper. The paratactic table shows the values of model parameters related to magnitude, epicentral distance and site conditions, and provides a basis for parameter selection in subsequent random seismic response analysis. 3. In order to ensure the subsequent dynamic analysis of tower cranes, The modal analysis method is used to obtain the modal characteristics and the natural vibration frequency of the tower crane. The response spectrum method is used to calculate the seismic response of the structure under different load effects, and the stress of the tower crane under different direction earthquake excitation is analyzed. Based on the random vibration theory, the dynamic response of tower crane under random earthquake excitation is analyzed. The du Xiuli-#china_person0# model is used to describe the ground motion input, and the uniformly stationary random seismic response analysis method is adopted. Numerical simulation of the tower crane internal force in five different combinations of directions input seismic excitation, Random seismic response of displacement. The calculated results show that the increase of internal force of tower crane is more obvious than that of X direction seismic wave excitation. The maximum effect of Z direction seismic wave excitation on the bending moment of tower body is caused by Y direction seismic wave, which results in the fracture of tower arm. The main reason is that the seismic waves in Z direction tend to overturn the tower crane, and the results of response spectrum analysis are compared with those of random vibration method, which provides a theoretical reference for the seismic design and analysis of tower cranes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TH213.3

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